Exam Chapters 13-16
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Immunocompetence | ability of the body to react with countless foreign substances
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| Antigens | foreign molecules that stimulate an immune response from B and T cells
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| Specificity and Memory | 2 features that characterize the specific immune response
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| Specific Immunity | development and differentiation, antigen presentation, challenge of B and T cells by antigens, T lymphocyte response
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| B Cells | mature in bone marrow
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| T Cells | mature in thymus
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| When Pathogens Cross The First Line Of Defense | macrophages migrate to site, pathogen ingested causing inflammatory response, antigen presented to T and B cells
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| Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) | one set of genes codes for human cell markers or receptors
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| Class 1 Genes | code for markers on all nucleated cells, displays self, allow recognition of immune reactions
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| Class 2 Genes | code for immune regulatory markers found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells involved in presentation to T cells
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| T Cell | challenged with Ag, proliferate, and differentiate, and respond through an MHC molecule
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| Memory T Cells | remember prior antigens
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| Helper T Cells (CD4) | activate macrophages, assist B-Cell processes, and help activate cytotoxic T cells. use 2 MHC
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| Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8) | lead to destruction of infected host cells and other foreign cells. use 1 MHC
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| Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) | control T cell response
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| MHC | required for T cell activation
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| Immunoglobulin | means antibody when secreted, serve as antigen receptors of B cells
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| Antigen Binding Sites | pockets in the end of the molecules fork highly variable in shape to fit a wide range of antigens
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| Variable Regions | areas of extreme versatility from one clone to another
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| Diversity | rearrangement of gene segments that code for antigen receptors on T and B cells
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| Clonal Selection | mechanism by which the correct B or T cell is activated by incoming antigen
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| Lymphocyte Specificity | preprogrammed, existing in genetic makeup before antigen has ever entered the tissue
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| Clonal Expansion | rapid multiplication of B or T cell clones after activation by an antigen
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| Haptens | small foreign molecules too small by themselves to elicit an immune response
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| Alloantigen's | cell surface markers and molecules that occur in some members of the same species, but not in others
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| Superantigen's | potent toxins that stimulate T cells, activate T cells at a rate of 100 times greater than ordinary signals
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| Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) | formally presented to lymphocytes, 3 types: macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells
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| T Cell Reactions | tell others what to do in immune system
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| CD4 T Cells | critical in regulating immune reactions to antigens
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| CD8 T Cells | kill infected cells
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| Lack Specificity For Antigens | the first killer cells to attack cancer cells and virus infected cells, rogue don't need to be told what to do
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| Activated B Cell | becomes a plasma cell and starts secreting antibodies
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| Colostrum | the very earliest secretion during breast feeding, contains a high amount of IgA
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| Titer | a concentration of antibodies
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| Natural Immunity | immunity acquired through the normal biological experiences of an individual
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| Artificial Immunity | protection from infection obtained through medical procedures such as vaccines and immune serum
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| Active Immunity | receives immune stimulus that activates B and T cells to produce substances such as antibodies
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| Passive Immunity | receives antibodies from another human or animal
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| Vaccine | any immunity obtained by inoculation with selected antigens
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| Whole Cell Or Virus Vaccines | live, attenuated cells or viruses, killed cells or inactivated viruses
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| Conjugated Vaccines | subunits conjugated with proteins to make them more immunogenic
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| DNA Vaccines | microbial DNA is inserted into a plasmid vector and inoculated into a recipient
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