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Micro Lecture
Exam Chapters 13-16
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Immunocompetence | ability of the body to react with countless foreign substances |
| Antigens | foreign molecules that stimulate an immune response from B and T cells |
| Specificity and Memory | 2 features that characterize the specific immune response |
| Specific Immunity | development and differentiation, antigen presentation, challenge of B and T cells by antigens, T lymphocyte response |
| B Cells | mature in bone marrow |
| T Cells | mature in thymus |
| When Pathogens Cross The First Line Of Defense | macrophages migrate to site, pathogen ingested causing inflammatory response, antigen presented to T and B cells |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) | one set of genes codes for human cell markers or receptors |
| Class 1 Genes | code for markers on all nucleated cells, displays self, allow recognition of immune reactions |
| Class 2 Genes | code for immune regulatory markers found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells involved in presentation to T cells |
| T Cell | challenged with Ag, proliferate, and differentiate, and respond through an MHC molecule |
| Memory T Cells | remember prior antigens |
| Helper T Cells (CD4) | activate macrophages, assist B-Cell processes, and help activate cytotoxic T cells. use 2 MHC |
| Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8) | lead to destruction of infected host cells and other foreign cells. use 1 MHC |
| Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) | control T cell response |
| MHC | required for T cell activation |
| Immunoglobulin | means antibody when secreted, serve as antigen receptors of B cells |
| Antigen Binding Sites | pockets in the end of the molecules fork highly variable in shape to fit a wide range of antigens |
| Variable Regions | areas of extreme versatility from one clone to another |
| Diversity | rearrangement of gene segments that code for antigen receptors on T and B cells |
| Clonal Selection | mechanism by which the correct B or T cell is activated by incoming antigen |
| Lymphocyte Specificity | preprogrammed, existing in genetic makeup before antigen has ever entered the tissue |
| Clonal Expansion | rapid multiplication of B or T cell clones after activation by an antigen |
| Haptens | small foreign molecules too small by themselves to elicit an immune response |
| Alloantigen's | cell surface markers and molecules that occur in some members of the same species, but not in others |
| Superantigen's | potent toxins that stimulate T cells, activate T cells at a rate of 100 times greater than ordinary signals |
| Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) | formally presented to lymphocytes, 3 types: macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells |
| T Cell Reactions | tell others what to do in immune system |
| CD4 T Cells | critical in regulating immune reactions to antigens |
| CD8 T Cells | kill infected cells |
| Lack Specificity For Antigens | the first killer cells to attack cancer cells and virus infected cells, rogue don't need to be told what to do |
| Activated B Cell | becomes a plasma cell and starts secreting antibodies |
| Colostrum | the very earliest secretion during breast feeding, contains a high amount of IgA |
| Titer | a concentration of antibodies |
| Natural Immunity | immunity acquired through the normal biological experiences of an individual |
| Artificial Immunity | protection from infection obtained through medical procedures such as vaccines and immune serum |
| Active Immunity | receives immune stimulus that activates B and T cells to produce substances such as antibodies |
| Passive Immunity | receives antibodies from another human or animal |
| Vaccine | any immunity obtained by inoculation with selected antigens |
| Whole Cell Or Virus Vaccines | live, attenuated cells or viruses, killed cells or inactivated viruses |
| Conjugated Vaccines | subunits conjugated with proteins to make them more immunogenic |
| DNA Vaccines | microbial DNA is inserted into a plasmid vector and inoculated into a recipient |
Created by:
MaryMamiChula
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