vision/hearing
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Visual Acuity | snellens or E chart to test near and far
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| Normal Acuity | 20/20
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| Low Acuity | 20/70
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| Blind Acuity | 20/200
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| OD | right eye
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| OS | left eye
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| OU | both eyes
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| Visual fields by conformation | tests peripheral vision
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| Muscle balance & movement | tests extraocular & cranial nerve function
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| Muscle balance & movement test | Pt looks straight ahead and follows finger movement without moving their head
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| Nystagmus | involuntary, rapid eye movement
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| Corneal light reflex | assess muscle balance
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| Corneal light reflex test | shining pen light toward cornea while pt looks straight ahead
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| Corneal light reflex normal/abnormal | should be steady gaze, if movement occurs could indicate muscle weakness
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| Tropia | deviation away from
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| Esotropia | deviation toward nose
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| Hypotropia | downward deviation
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| Exotropia | lateral movement
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| Pupillary reflexes | tests response to light
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| Pupillary reflex test | pt looks straight ahead, pupil size noted, pen light shone, pupil observed
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| Pupillary reflexes normal | should constrict
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| Consensual response | normal constriction from pupillary reflex
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| Accommodation | pupil responds to near and far
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| External exam | inspected and palpated
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| Eyebrows | starting point- symmetry, hair texture, extension of brow
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| Orbital area | check for edema, puffiness, redness, lesions
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| Palebral Fissure (eyelids) | distance of upper + lower lids
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| Medial Canthus | of lower lid- for exudate
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| Internal eye | intraocular pressure measured
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| Structures of eye | Fibrous, vascular, neural- protect eye from debris & desiccation, oil secreted to slow evaporation of tears
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| Lens | changes shape for near and far
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| Rods | dim light, night vision, no color distinguish
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| Cones | central, bright light, sharp vision/color
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| Desiccation | extreme dryness
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| Fibrous outer layer | sclera, cornea
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| Sclera | outermost, white of eye, BV and nerves
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| Cornea | transparent, over iris, admits light, NO BV
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| Vascular middle layer | iris, ciliary body, choroid
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| Iris | adjusts diameter of pupil to control amount of light entering
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| Ciliary body | thick extension, around lens, aqueous humor
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| Choroid | supplies oxygen & nutrients to retina and sclera
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| Neural inner layer | retina, optic nerve
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| Retina | thin, light sensitive
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| Optic nerve | signals to brain
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| Aging and the ear | difficult to filter out background noises, impaired verbal communication, corti hair cells damaged, high pitched range lost, **F,S,K,Sh sounds lost first
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