AJ75 Midterm
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| The belief an eye for an eye can be traced to the ancient law of the Hebrews known as the | Mosaic Code
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| The enlightenment concept of human nature sees individuals as all of the following except a0 Possessing Free Will, B) Constrained in their Choices, C) Hedonistic, D) Rational | B) Constrained in their choices
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| The letters de cashet required proportionality between the level of harm inflicted upon a victim and the severity of punishment. True or False | False
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| What may be described as the state authorized imposition of deprivation-liberty, resources, or even life to one convicted of a crime? A0 Sentence, B) Punishment, C)Retaliation, D)Revenge | B) Punishment
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| Beccaria advocates that a system of punishment should include all pf the following except.. A)Proportional Punishment, B)Certain Punishment, C)Death Penalty, D) Swift Punishment, E)Making a lasting impression | C) Death Penalty
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| Benthams philosophy of social control rests on the principal of | Utility
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| He believed that the cause of robbery in the 18th century London was poverty. | Henry Fielding
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| Positivism (Increased, Decreased, Removed, Had no Impact) on the amount of discretion judges enjoyed in sentencing individuals | Increased
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| Positivists rejected much of the philosophical basis of classical thinkers arguments and instead relied on.. | Studies of the Causes of crime to determine appropriate punisments
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| Positivists approaches to punishment invoked the notion of science to determine the causes of crime and craft the appropriate punishment. True or False | True
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| Emile Durkheim contended that punishment is functional for society in some ways. True or False | True
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| During what period of History did Positivism emerge | The 19th Century
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| Which perspective of punishment assumes that individuals can be transformed through effective programming | Reintegration
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| Nationwide, following release, how soon do approximately 33% of former prisoners reoffend within? | The first 6 months
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| They came to America in 1931 intent on studying the newly minted prison system | Beaumont and Tocquerville
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| In which period did the Catholic Church have its greatest influence? | The Middle Ages
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| Galley Slavery was used most regularly A)By the ancient Greeks and Romans, B)By the late Middle Ages, C) In the American Colonies, )D In Norfolk Island Australia | B) By the late Middle Ages
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| After the disentegration of feudalism what sparked government entities to increasingly respond in a more severe fashion in the demand for resources? | Poverty
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| Early workhouses were known as | Brideswells
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| What location did Alexander Maconochie warden for? | Norfolk Island
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| The inmates at Norfolk prison followed what type of system that rewarded them for good behavior? | The Marks System
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| He was the Sheriff of Bedford England and was influenced by the Enlightennent period | John Howard
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| He created the Panopticon. He was also from the Enlightment period. | Jeremy Bentham
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| He was influenced by his Quaker religious principles as well as the Enlightement Period | William Penn
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| The first jail in America , built around 1606, was located in | Jamestown Va.
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| The influence of religion on early prison operations in the US was due primarily to.. | The Quakers
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| Which Enlightenet Period influenced reformer instituted his Great Law which deemphasized the use of corporal punishment for all but the most serious of crimes? | William Penn
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| One of the earliest American makeshift prisons known as Newgate prison in Simsbury Connecticut started out as a what? | Mine
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| The Walnut Jail was considered by most to be the first jail. True or False | True
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| After the Walnut jail was remodeled and reforms implemented, children were still incarcerated there. True or False | False
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| The New gate prison in New York City did NOT focus on A Rehabilitation, B) Religious Redemption, C)Work Programs, D)Corporal,Punishment | D) Corporal Punishment
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| Which early facility was built by architect John Haviland from England | Eastern Pennsylvania Prison
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| Which prison was the Newgate Prison system modeled after? | The Walnut Prison
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| The seperate system is part of which prison model? | The Pennsylvania Prison model
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| This prison system, built 8 years before Eastern, was little studied or discussed. | The Western Pennsylvania Prison
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| The Eastern Pennsylvania Prison was the first to have this. | Hot water and flushing toilets.
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| Inmates at Eastern PA prison were only allowed to have contact with ____ and ____ . | Clergy and teachers
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| The purpose of solitary confinement was to achieve reform and _____ | rehabilitation
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| This prison system model was preferred over the PA system and was copied extensively by American prison builders. | New York
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| Solitary confinement finally ended before the Civil War True or False | False. Ended after 1913
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| This prison system had small coffin-like cells and allowed inmates to work together during the day but they had to do so in silence | Auburn Prison
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| What was the first major prison reform in the US? | The declaration of principles
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| What year did American Prison Congress convene? | 1870
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| The reason the Southern prisons developed on a different trajectory than other prisons | Slavery
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| Who provided the philosophy "Justice consists of treating equals equally and unequals unequally according to relevent differences"? | Aristotle
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| Sentence type in which number of years person may serve s not fixed | Indeterminate.
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| Which statutes derived from the same punitive atmosphere that led to truth in sentencing statutes | Habitual Offender
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| A presentence Investigation Report is written generally by... | The Probation Officer
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| Which entity was charged with creating the mandatory sentencing guidelines? | The United States Sentencing Commission
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