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AJ75 Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The belief an eye for an eye can be traced to the ancient law of the Hebrews known as the | Mosaic Code |
| The enlightenment concept of human nature sees individuals as all of the following except a0 Possessing Free Will, B) Constrained in their Choices, C) Hedonistic, D) Rational | B) Constrained in their choices |
| The letters de cashet required proportionality between the level of harm inflicted upon a victim and the severity of punishment. True or False | False |
| What may be described as the state authorized imposition of deprivation-liberty, resources, or even life to one convicted of a crime? A0 Sentence, B) Punishment, C)Retaliation, D)Revenge | B) Punishment |
| Beccaria advocates that a system of punishment should include all pf the following except.. A)Proportional Punishment, B)Certain Punishment, C)Death Penalty, D) Swift Punishment, E)Making a lasting impression | C) Death Penalty |
| Benthams philosophy of social control rests on the principal of | Utility |
| He believed that the cause of robbery in the 18th century London was poverty. | Henry Fielding |
| Positivism (Increased, Decreased, Removed, Had no Impact) on the amount of discretion judges enjoyed in sentencing individuals | Increased |
| Positivists rejected much of the philosophical basis of classical thinkers arguments and instead relied on.. | Studies of the Causes of crime to determine appropriate punisments |
| Positivists approaches to punishment invoked the notion of science to determine the causes of crime and craft the appropriate punishment. True or False | True |
| Emile Durkheim contended that punishment is functional for society in some ways. True or False | True |
| During what period of History did Positivism emerge | The 19th Century |
| Which perspective of punishment assumes that individuals can be transformed through effective programming | Reintegration |
| Nationwide, following release, how soon do approximately 33% of former prisoners reoffend within? | The first 6 months |
| They came to America in 1931 intent on studying the newly minted prison system | Beaumont and Tocquerville |
| In which period did the Catholic Church have its greatest influence? | The Middle Ages |
| Galley Slavery was used most regularly A)By the ancient Greeks and Romans, B)By the late Middle Ages, C) In the American Colonies, )D In Norfolk Island Australia | B) By the late Middle Ages |
| After the disentegration of feudalism what sparked government entities to increasingly respond in a more severe fashion in the demand for resources? | Poverty |
| Early workhouses were known as | Brideswells |
| What location did Alexander Maconochie warden for? | Norfolk Island |
| The inmates at Norfolk prison followed what type of system that rewarded them for good behavior? | The Marks System |
| He was the Sheriff of Bedford England and was influenced by the Enlightennent period | John Howard |
| He created the Panopticon. He was also from the Enlightment period. | Jeremy Bentham |
| He was influenced by his Quaker religious principles as well as the Enlightement Period | William Penn |
| The first jail in America , built around 1606, was located in | Jamestown Va. |
| The influence of religion on early prison operations in the US was due primarily to.. | The Quakers |
| Which Enlightenet Period influenced reformer instituted his Great Law which deemphasized the use of corporal punishment for all but the most serious of crimes? | William Penn |
| One of the earliest American makeshift prisons known as Newgate prison in Simsbury Connecticut started out as a what? | Mine |
| The Walnut Jail was considered by most to be the first jail. True or False | True |
| After the Walnut jail was remodeled and reforms implemented, children were still incarcerated there. True or False | False |
| The New gate prison in New York City did NOT focus on A Rehabilitation, B) Religious Redemption, C)Work Programs, D)Corporal,Punishment | D) Corporal Punishment |
| Which early facility was built by architect John Haviland from England | Eastern Pennsylvania Prison |
| Which prison was the Newgate Prison system modeled after? | The Walnut Prison |
| The seperate system is part of which prison model? | The Pennsylvania Prison model |
| This prison system, built 8 years before Eastern, was little studied or discussed. | The Western Pennsylvania Prison |
| The Eastern Pennsylvania Prison was the first to have this. | Hot water and flushing toilets. |
| Inmates at Eastern PA prison were only allowed to have contact with ____ and ____ . | Clergy and teachers |
| The purpose of solitary confinement was to achieve reform and _____ | rehabilitation |
| This prison system model was preferred over the PA system and was copied extensively by American prison builders. | New York |
| Solitary confinement finally ended before the Civil War True or False | False. Ended after 1913 |
| This prison system had small coffin-like cells and allowed inmates to work together during the day but they had to do so in silence | Auburn Prison |
| What was the first major prison reform in the US? | The declaration of principles |
| What year did American Prison Congress convene? | 1870 |
| The reason the Southern prisons developed on a different trajectory than other prisons | Slavery |
| Who provided the philosophy "Justice consists of treating equals equally and unequals unequally according to relevent differences"? | Aristotle |
| Sentence type in which number of years person may serve s not fixed | Indeterminate. |
| Which statutes derived from the same punitive atmosphere that led to truth in sentencing statutes | Habitual Offender |
| A presentence Investigation Report is written generally by... | The Probation Officer |
| Which entity was charged with creating the mandatory sentencing guidelines? | The United States Sentencing Commission |
Created by:
JeromeG
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