Grade 9 Electricity Unit
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is electricity? | The movement of electrons (negative). the protons (positive) never move outside of the nucleus
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| What is Static electricity? | The build up of electrical charge (electrons on a substance or object.
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| What is electrostatic induction | It is a method used to charge an object without actually touching the object to any charged object
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| What is a neutral charge? | When the amount protons (positive) and electrons (negative) are equal
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| What is a negative charge? | When the amount of electrons (negative) are higher in concentration than the protons (positive)
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| What is a positive charge? | When the electrons (negative) are in lower concentration than protons (positive)
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| Which charges are unbalanced? | Negative and Positive charges
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| What are the three laws of electrical charges? | 1) opposite charges attract each other 2) like charges repel each other 3) charged objects attract uncharged (neutral) objects
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| What makes the voltage deadly? | The current
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| What type of electricity does NOT allow the continuous flow of electrons> | static
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| What is electrical current? | The movement of electrons carrying through a conductor
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| What type of electricity is needed to operate electrical devices? | current electricity
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| What are the two most important aspects of a circuit | The continuous pathway for electrons and the energy source
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| What is a conductor? | a material that allows electrons to pass through easily
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| Most often, what material is the best conductor? | Metals (the best ones are copper and gold)
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| What is an insulator | A material that resists or stops the flow of electrons
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| Most often, what materials are the best insulators | non-metals, such as cardboard, plastic, rubber, wood, and glass
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| What is a semi-conductor? | A material such as silicon with some ability to conduct and some insinuative qualities
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| What is an example of a semi-conductors | Some plastics can be semi-conductors
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| What is a superconductor? | The perfect conductor - no resistance to the electron flow
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| How can you make metals superconductors? | Cooling them to very low temperatures
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| What is static discharge? | Zapping - the release of electrons
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| What is a circuit diagram? | Drawings of the pathways for electrons to flow
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| What kind of circuit diagrams do engineers and designers use to show components and connections clearly? | Schematic diagrams
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| What is a circuit? | The complete, continuous path that electrons flow through (along)
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| How many basic part of a circuit are there? | 4
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| What are the basic parts of a circuit? | Source (provides energy and supplies e, cell/battery) Conductor (provides pathway for e, wire) Switch (controls flow of e) Load (device to convert electrical energy into another form of energy, light bulb, motor)
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| What is a series circuit? | A circuit where all devices are in a single path
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| How many pathways are there for electrons in a series circuit? | 1
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| How do we know if it is a series circuit? | If the pathway is broken (burnt out bulb) the whole circuit stops functioning.
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| Which circuit has a reduced amount of energy available? | Series
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| What is a benefit of the series circuit? | Being able to shut off all the electricity at once.
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| What is the definition of a parallel circuit? | A circuit that has multiple pathways for electron flow (2 or more)
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| How can we tell if it is a parallel circuit? | If an interruption occurs in one pathway, it does not affect the res of the circuit.
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| Does adding another pathway affect the rest of the circuit (parallel) | no, it has no influence
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| What happens if you add a resistor to a parallel circuit? | It decreases the TOTAL resistance of the circuit.
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| What is the definition of power? | The rate at which a device converts its energy (heat, light, sound) - how fast electrical energy becomes 'useful' energy
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| What is the unit for Power? | Watt (W)
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| What is 1 watt equal to? | 1 J (joule)/ 1s (second)
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| the faster a device converts energy the ... its power rating | higher
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| What is energy? | The ability to do work (effort into something)
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| What is energy measured in? | Joules (J)
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| What is a Kilowatt hour (kWh) | The amount of 1000W over a time frame of 1 hour
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| How do you calculate voltage? | Voltage (V) = Current (I) x Resistance (Ω)
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| How do you calculate Power? | Power(W) = Voltage (V) x Current (I)
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| How do you calculate Energy? | Energy (J) = Power (P) x Time (s) SECONDS
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| How do you calculate Efficiency? | Efficiency (%) = output/input x 100
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| What are the formulas for the transformers? | V1/N1 = V2/N2 and I1 x N1 = I2 x N2
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| What is a step up vs step down transformer? | A step up transformer means that the primary coils are less than the secondary coils. A step down transformer means the primary coils are more than the secondary coils
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| What is energy dissipation? | The spreading cut or loss through dispersion
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| What are the three laws about energy? | 1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed 2. It does not start to exist or go away/disappear 3. Energy must be transformed from one form to another
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| What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. In any change, some energy is lost as heat
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| What is electromagnetic induction? | The generation of electrical current by noving coils of conduction wire through a magnet
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| Who discovered electromagnetic induction? | Micheal Faraday
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| What is DC? | Direct Current. Electrons are moving in one direction only.
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| What is AC? | Alternating current. The movement of the electrons back and forth through the conductor to generate current.
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| What device can generate AC? | A magnet
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| What is Chemical Generation? | Direct current is generated by a chemical reaction where electrons move from one ion to the other
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| In order for a chemical reaction to work, what 3 things do you need? | Two different electrodes (metals) Electrolyte (aqueous with charged entities) Conductor/ pathway (wire)
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| What is a Wet Cell? | A wet cell has liquid electrolyte. They have a fluid, which is free to move wherever. They are generally heavy and bulky
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| What is a Dry Cell? | In a dry cell the electrolyte is restrained either by a container or mixed with a gel.
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| In a transformer, which coil is the main supply? | Primary coil
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| In a transformer, which coil is the load? | The secondary coil
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| What are galvanic/ voltaic cells? | They are devices that use a chemical reaction to create electricity
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