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Electricity
Grade 9 Electricity Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is electricity? | The movement of electrons (negative). the protons (positive) never move outside of the nucleus |
| What is Static electricity? | The build up of electrical charge (electrons on a substance or object. |
| What is electrostatic induction | It is a method used to charge an object without actually touching the object to any charged object |
| What is a neutral charge? | When the amount protons (positive) and electrons (negative) are equal |
| What is a negative charge? | When the amount of electrons (negative) are higher in concentration than the protons (positive) |
| What is a positive charge? | When the electrons (negative) are in lower concentration than protons (positive) |
| Which charges are unbalanced? | Negative and Positive charges |
| What are the three laws of electrical charges? | 1) opposite charges attract each other 2) like charges repel each other 3) charged objects attract uncharged (neutral) objects |
| What makes the voltage deadly? | The current |
| What type of electricity does NOT allow the continuous flow of electrons> | static |
| What is electrical current? | The movement of electrons carrying through a conductor |
| What type of electricity is needed to operate electrical devices? | current electricity |
| What are the two most important aspects of a circuit | The continuous pathway for electrons and the energy source |
| What is a conductor? | a material that allows electrons to pass through easily |
| Most often, what material is the best conductor? | Metals (the best ones are copper and gold) |
| What is an insulator | A material that resists or stops the flow of electrons |
| Most often, what materials are the best insulators | non-metals, such as cardboard, plastic, rubber, wood, and glass |
| What is a semi-conductor? | A material such as silicon with some ability to conduct and some insinuative qualities |
| What is an example of a semi-conductors | Some plastics can be semi-conductors |
| What is a superconductor? | The perfect conductor - no resistance to the electron flow |
| How can you make metals superconductors? | Cooling them to very low temperatures |
| What is static discharge? | Zapping - the release of electrons |
| What is a circuit diagram? | Drawings of the pathways for electrons to flow |
| What kind of circuit diagrams do engineers and designers use to show components and connections clearly? | Schematic diagrams |
| What is a circuit? | The complete, continuous path that electrons flow through (along) |
| How many basic part of a circuit are there? | 4 |
| What are the basic parts of a circuit? | Source (provides energy and supplies e, cell/battery) Conductor (provides pathway for e, wire) Switch (controls flow of e) Load (device to convert electrical energy into another form of energy, light bulb, motor) |
| What is a series circuit? | A circuit where all devices are in a single path |
| How many pathways are there for electrons in a series circuit? | 1 |
| How do we know if it is a series circuit? | If the pathway is broken (burnt out bulb) the whole circuit stops functioning. |
| Which circuit has a reduced amount of energy available? | Series |
| What is a benefit of the series circuit? | Being able to shut off all the electricity at once. |
| What is the definition of a parallel circuit? | A circuit that has multiple pathways for electron flow (2 or more) |
| How can we tell if it is a parallel circuit? | If an interruption occurs in one pathway, it does not affect the res of the circuit. |
| Does adding another pathway affect the rest of the circuit (parallel) | no, it has no influence |
| What happens if you add a resistor to a parallel circuit? | It decreases the TOTAL resistance of the circuit. |
| What is the definition of power? | The rate at which a device converts its energy (heat, light, sound) - how fast electrical energy becomes 'useful' energy |
| What is the unit for Power? | Watt (W) |
| What is 1 watt equal to? | 1 J (joule)/ 1s (second) |
| the faster a device converts energy the ... its power rating | higher |
| What is energy? | The ability to do work (effort into something) |
| What is energy measured in? | Joules (J) |
| What is a Kilowatt hour (kWh) | The amount of 1000W over a time frame of 1 hour |
| How do you calculate voltage? | Voltage (V) = Current (I) x Resistance (Ω) |
| How do you calculate Power? | Power(W) = Voltage (V) x Current (I) |
| How do you calculate Energy? | Energy (J) = Power (P) x Time (s) SECONDS |
| How do you calculate Efficiency? | Efficiency (%) = output/input x 100 |
| What are the formulas for the transformers? | V1/N1 = V2/N2 and I1 x N1 = I2 x N2 |
| What is a step up vs step down transformer? | A step up transformer means that the primary coils are less than the secondary coils. A step down transformer means the primary coils are more than the secondary coils |
| What is energy dissipation? | The spreading cut or loss through dispersion |
| What are the three laws about energy? | 1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed 2. It does not start to exist or go away/disappear 3. Energy must be transformed from one form to another |
| What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. In any change, some energy is lost as heat |
| What is electromagnetic induction? | The generation of electrical current by noving coils of conduction wire through a magnet |
| Who discovered electromagnetic induction? | Micheal Faraday |
| What is DC? | Direct Current. Electrons are moving in one direction only. |
| What is AC? | Alternating current. The movement of the electrons back and forth through the conductor to generate current. |
| What device can generate AC? | A magnet |
| What is Chemical Generation? | Direct current is generated by a chemical reaction where electrons move from one ion to the other |
| In order for a chemical reaction to work, what 3 things do you need? | Two different electrodes (metals) Electrolyte (aqueous with charged entities) Conductor/ pathway (wire) |
| What is a Wet Cell? | A wet cell has liquid electrolyte. They have a fluid, which is free to move wherever. They are generally heavy and bulky |
| What is a Dry Cell? | In a dry cell the electrolyte is restrained either by a container or mixed with a gel. |
| In a transformer, which coil is the main supply? | Primary coil |
| In a transformer, which coil is the load? | The secondary coil |
| What are galvanic/ voltaic cells? | They are devices that use a chemical reaction to create electricity |
Created by:
marthavalmana
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