chapters 10,11,12,13(contact)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| what is the most important virulence factor for Corynebacterium diphtheria? | toxin production
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| which bacterial infection needs to be ruled out in a patient with fever and purplish spots on skin? (what are you testing for?) | Neisseria meningitis
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| what is the main reason that sore throats caused by Streptococcus pyogenes need to be treated with antibiotics? | prevent risk of rheumatic fever
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| what is the purpose of the M protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes? | blocks phagocytosis by white blood cells
(hides it)
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| culture of sputum grew on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar only. what bacteria is causing this patient's pneumonia? | Legionella pneumophilia
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| what toxin produced by bacteria is the most toxic substance produced naturally? | Botulism toxin
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| name the one bacteria that does not have Peptidoglycan in its cell wall. | Chlamydia psittaci
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| briefly describe the pathology of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus. | ingestion of toxin produced by bacteria
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| how is Salmonellosis usually transmitted? | fecal oral transmission
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| what pathogen causes a characteristic "rice water stool"? | Vibrio cholerae
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| what is the name of the bacteria that causes stomach ulcers? | Helicobacter pylori
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| name the bacteria that is a common cause of diarrhea with mild symptoms. | Campylobacter jejuni
G- comma/s-shaped
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| name the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. | Yersinia pestis
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| what pathogens can cause Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? | coli O157:H7 and species of Shigella
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| what condition should a person planning an adventure travel vacation be concerned about? | Leptospira interrogans
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| what is the clinical name of the rash caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi? | Erythema migrans
(bullseye)
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| what is the common name for inhalation anthrax? | Woolsorter's Disease
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| what organism played an important role in history by causing the "black death"? | Yersinia pestis
G- bacillus
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| what is the name of the stain used in diagnosing disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | acid fast stain
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| what is the standard treatment for Whooping Cough? | supportive nursing care
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| name the hallmark symptom caused by Salmonella typhi. | fever
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| what is the most significant virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae? | capsule
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| a patient with a nonprodcutive cough has a diffuse pattern on their chest x-ray. what condition do you suspect? | Mycoplasma pneumonia
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| name the bacteria that grows in soft cheese in refrigerator temperatures. | Listeria monocytogenes
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| armadillos and humans are the only hosts for infection caused what microbe? | Mycobacterium leprae
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| what is a differential diagnosis? | contrasting and deciding between several diseases that have the same or similar symptoms
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| what is an exclusion diagnosis? | diagnosis reached by process of elimination
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| what is a diagnosis? | determining the nature and cause of the disease
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| what is a prognosis? | probable course and outcome of the disease
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| what is etiology? | the cause of the patient's illness
(bacteria on tick, not tick)
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| what causes strep throat? | Streptococcus pyogenes
G+ diplococci (short chains)
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| what is hemolysis? | rupture of red blood cells in blood agar
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| beta hemolysis | clear appearance around colony
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| alpha hemolysis | dark green appearance around colony
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| nonhemolytic | no change in agar around colony
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| what is the purpose of the F protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes? | attachment in the throat
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| what is chemotaxis? | movement toward chemical
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| what does pyrogenic mean? | fever-causing
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| what are possible complications from Streptococcus pyogenes? | scarlet fever
rheumatic fever
glomerulonephritis
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| what is the number one cause of heart disease in children? | rheumatic fever
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| what does glomerulonephritis affect? | kidneys
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| name two antibiotics that can be used to treat strep throat. | penicillin
erythromycin
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| what causes diphtheria? | Corynebacterium diphtheria
G+ bacilli
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| what does Corynebacterium diphtheria resemble? | Chinese characters
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| what does Streptococcus pyogenes grow on? | blood agar
with CO2
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| what does Corynebacterium diphtheria grow on? | Loeffler's medium
with O2
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| what are the components of the AB subunits present in Corynebacterium diphtheria? | A: active unit
B: binding unit
both must be present to do any damage
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| if the diphtheria toxin gets into the bloodstream, what is at risk for damage? | heart
kidney
brain
nerves
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| what is a pseudomembrane? | a false membrane in the throat
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| what causes Whooping Cough? | Bordetella pertussis
G- coccobascillus
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| what does Bordetella pertussis grow on? | Bordet-Gengou
(potato-glycerol-blood agar)
with O2
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| what is another name for Whooping Cough? | 100 day cough
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| what is the HIB vaccine? | Haemophilus influenzae type B
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| what causes Meningococcal Meningitis? | Neisseria meningitidis
G- diplococcus
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| what does Meningococcal Meningitis affect? | respiratory tract
blood stream
meninges
cerebrospinal fluid
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| what is another cause for meningitis? | Haemophilus influenzae
G- rod
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| what does Haemophilus influenzae grow on? | chocolate agar
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| what causes TB? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis
acid fast rod
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| what specific stains are needed to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | Ziehl-Neelson
Acid Fast Stain
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| what does Mycobacterium tuberculosis grow on? | Lowenstein-Jensen medium
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| what is the most widely distributed pathogen in the US that afflict humans? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| what is one cause of acute bacterial pneumonia that is also normal flora of the throat? | Streptococcus pneumonia
G+ cocci
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| what causes atypical pneumonia? | Mycoplasma pneumonia
tiny simple prokaryotes
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| what is another name for atypical pneumonia? | walking pneumonia
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| what causes Legionnaire's disease? | Legionella pneumophilia
G- type rod
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| what does Legionella pneumophilia grow on? | buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
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| what causes Q Fever? | Coxiella burnetii
G- parasite
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| what causes Parrot Fever? | Chlamydia psittaci
resemble G-
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| how does Chlamydia psittaci grow? | only within another cell
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| what does gaster mean? | stomach
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| what is the structural defense of the digestive system? | epithelial cells covering the surfaces of organs
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| what is the mechanical defense of the digestive system? | chewing and movement of intestine
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| what is the biochemical defense of the digestive system? | acid production in stomach and bile in the small intestine
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| what is the nonspecific interior defense of the digestive system? | inflammatory response of the phagocytic cells
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| when does the specific immune response start? | 5-7 days after the pathogen appears
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| why is there very few bacteria in the upper small intestine? | flushing of small intestine by digestive juices
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| how much of feces is made up of bacteria? | 1/3
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| what kills 1 in 5 children worldwide? | diarrhea
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| botulism food poisoning | anaerobic
G+ rod
spores
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| what is the main symptom of botulism food poisoning? | flaccid paralysis
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| what is hypotonia? | decreased muscle tone
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| what is the treatment recommended for foodborne botulism? | antitoxin
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| where is wound botulism most commonly found? | in patients using IV drugs/dirty needles
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| Staphylococcus food poisoning | grow at room temperature
produce toxin in food
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| Clostridium perfringens | anaerobic
G+ rod
non-motile
spores
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| what causes typhoid fever/enteric fever? | Salmonella typhi
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| what is the only natural host for Salmonella typhi? | humans
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| how does Salmonella typhi spread? | fecal oral transmission from contaminated water or food
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| what causes Salmonellosis? | bacteria of the genus Salmonella
found in small turtles, bearded dragon pets, chickens, and rats
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| what are the two main symptoms of Salmonellosis? | diarrhea
abdominal pain
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| what causes Shigellosis/bacterial dysentery? | bacteria of the genus Shigella
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| what is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? | kidney-failure-related death caused by Shiga toxin
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| what is an enterotoxin? | toxin produced in or affecting the intestine
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| where is Shigellosis most commonly found? | in day cares, child and elderly, where subjects where diapers
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| what is needed in order to return to society for Shigellosis patients? | two negative fecal cultures within 48 hours after diarrhea stops
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| what causes Cholera? | Vibrio cholerae
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| what is a pandemic? | multiple epidemics spanning multiple areas
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| what is an epidemic? | widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in one area
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| what is needed for successful oral rehydration in patients suffering from diarrhea? | balanced salt solution
(saline)
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| what causes E. coli? | Escherichia coli
G-
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| what is Escherichia coli thought to be the cause of? | common traveler's diarrhea
turkey trots
Montezuma's revenge
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| what strain of E. coli is most featured on the news for causing illness? | O157:H7
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| what causes gastric ulcers? | Helicobacter pylori
G- curved rod
motile
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| what causes Listeriosis? | Listeria monocytogenes
G+ rod
motile
facultative
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| where is Listeriosis most commonly found? | cold cuts
soft cheeses
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| what does facultative mean? | can grow with or without oxygen
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| what causes anthrax? | Bacillus anthracis
G+ bacillus
aerobic
spores
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| what does enzootic mean? | found in animal population
specifically hooved animals
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| what does endemic mean? | always present at the same level
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| what are the three types of anthrax that cause illness to humans? | inhalation
intestinal
cutaneous
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| inhalation anthrax | endospores are inhaled and travel to lungs
causes pneumonia
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| intestinal anthrax | endospores are ingested and germinate in the intestine
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| cutaneous anthrax | endospores land on skin where there is a breech in the barrier
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| what causes tetanus? | Clostridium tetani
G+ bacillus
anaerobic
spores
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| what is another name for Clostridium tetani? | lock jaw
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| what causes gas gangrene? | Clostridium perfingens
G+ bacillus
anaerobic
spores
capsule
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| what is a hyperbaric chamber? | increased amounts of oxygen used to kill bacteria
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| what causes leptospirosis? | Leptospira interrogans
G- spirochete
aerobic
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| what is a zoonosis? | disease of animals that can spread to humans
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| what animal carries Yersinia pestis? | fleas
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| what shape does Yersinia pestis resemble? | safety pin
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| what is the transmission of bubonic plague? | flea to human
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| what is the transmission of pneumonic plague? | human to human
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| what causes tuleremia? | Francisella tularenis
G- bacillus
aerobic
capsule
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| what animal carries Francisella tularenis? | ticks
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| what is another name for Francisella tularenis? | rabbit fever
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| what animal carries Borrelia burgdorferi? | deer tick
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| what causes lyme disease? | Borrelia burgdoferi
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| what causes leprosy? | Mycobacterium leprae
acid fast rod
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| what is another name for leprosy? | Hansen's disease
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| how is Mycobacterium leprae spread? | nasal secretions from human to human
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| where does Mycobacterium leprae grow? | footpads and skin of armadillos
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| what causes impetigo? | Staphylococcus aureus
G+ cocci
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| what is an abscess? | pus-filled lesion
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| what is a boil? | pus-filled pocket under skin
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| what is a carbuncle? | group of connected abscesses
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| what is MRSA? | multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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| what two contact diseases does Staphylococcus aureus cause? | scalded skin syndrome
toxic shock syndrome
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