bio 1100
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| Evolutionary tree's _____ show which groups are more primitive or advanced. | Do not
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| Evolutionary trees | reveal the evolutionary history of species and the sequence of speciation events that give rise to them.
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| Clade | a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor.
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| Sister Taxa | Closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
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| Basal Taxon | Directly connected to ancestral lineage, oldest species.
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| Branch point | Where lineages diverge.
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| Polytomy | An unresolved pattern of divergence.
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| 3 domains of life | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
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| Domain Archaea | Lack membrane bound organelles, don't have a real nucleus, live in extreme environmental conditions, resistant to traditional antibiotics.
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| Domain Bacteria | Lack membrane bound organelles, don't have a real nucleus.
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| Domain Eukarya | have membrane bound organelles, including a nuclear envelope.
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| Taxonomical Catagories | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Do koalas prefer chocolate or fruit generally speaking.
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| Domain | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
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| Kingdom | Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia.
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| Domain Eukarya | Unicellular -> Protist.
Multicellular -> Autotrophs -> Kingdom Plantae OR
Multicellular -> Heterotrophs and if they ingest food they are kingdom animalia, if they absorb food they are kingdom fungi.
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| Yeast is a | Unicellular fungus
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| Algae is a | Multicellular protist
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| Animal-like protists | Some protists, such as Trichomonas Vaginalis shown here, move around and hunt for prey like an animal
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| Fungi-like Protists | Some protists, such as the plasmodial slime mold shown here, live as heterotrophs and form sheet like colonies of cells like a fungus.
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| Plant-Like Protists | Some protists, such as the kelp forest shwon here, are multi cellular and photosynthetic like a plant.
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| Photosynthetic groups | Plants (land), Algae (aquatic), Cyanobacteria (aquatic-pond)
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| Protists are an important component of | Plankton
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| Anemone | Protects Dinoflagellate and Clown fish but also gives food leftovers to Clown Fish
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| Clown fish | Urine of clown fish has high concentration of ammonia that Dinoflagellate converts to protein, also cleans anemone.
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| DinoFlagellate | Protist that live in between the cells of the anemone, produces sugars through photosynthesis that feeds the anemone,
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| Cocci | Spherical bacteria
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| Bacilli | Rod Shaped bacteria
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| Spirilli | Spiral shaped bacteria
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| Mutualistic Symbiosis Bacteria | Thousands of species of bacteria live in the intestines of animals helping in digestion and protection.
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| Photosynthesis Bacteria | Cyanobacteria use photosynthesis to produce sugars and release oxygen.
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| Parasitic symbiosis bacteria | Bacteria produce the majority of infectious diseases in humans
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| Nitrogen Fixation and decomposition step 1 | Nitrogen gas is "fixed" by soil-dwelling bacteria, producing ammonia and other compounds containing nitrogen.
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| Nitrogen Fixation and decomposition step 2 | The nitrogen compounds are further modified by other bacterias into a form that can be taken up by plants and used to build proteins.
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| Nitrogen Fixation and decomposition step 3 | Nitrogen moves through the food chain as organisms eat plants and then are themselves eaten.
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| Nitrogen Fixation and decomposition step 4 | Animals wastes and dead animals and plants are broken down by soil bacteria that convert the nitrogen in the tissue back into nitrogen gas.
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| Nitrogen is necessary to build all _______, the components of every _______molecule | Amino Acids, Protein.
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| For nitrogen the most important reservoir is ________ | Atmosphere.
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| Protists | Disease causing microbes
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| Malaria a Protist-Caused Illness Step 1 | Following the bite of a Plasmodium-infected mosquito, malaria-causing protists take up residence in healthy red blood cells.
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| Malaria a Protist-Caused Illness Step 2 | Once inside a red blood cell, Plasmodium cells modify the cells, surface proteins, making it difficult for the immune system to fight the malarial infection.
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| Chitin | Makes fungi and plant cell walls
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| Peptidoglycan | make bacteria cell walls
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| Cellulose | Make plant cell walls
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| Heterotrophic | An organisms that cannot fix carbon from inorganic sources but uses organic carbon for growth.
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| Autotrophic | An organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions.
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| Decomposers | An organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.
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| Mutualist | Organism that benefits from a relationship with another organism that benefits from same relationship.
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| Parasits | An organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the hosts expense.
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| Structure and ecological role of Bacteria | Capsule, Cell Wall, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Chromosome, Plasmid, Pili, Ribosomes, Flagellum, help difestion in intestines, cyanobacteria = photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and some bacteria cause infectious disease.
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| Structure and ecological role of Archaea | Basically same as Bacteria except unicellular, without cell walls, produces slime mold (as a decomposer) and parasitic in the sense they produce malaria mutualistic role in anemones, photosynthetic role in algae
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| Structure and ecological role of Fungi | Hyphae, cell wall, root hair, plasma membrane
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| Structure and ecological role of Protists | producing 70-80% of worlds oxygen, being a main food source for aquatic animals and a major decomposing agent of dead material. Unicellular, and multicellular that contain a nucleus enclosed in a membrane
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| Fungi are decomposers or Symbionts, meaning? | Fungi acquire energy by breaking down the tissues of dead organisms or by absorbing nutrients from living organisms.
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| Fungi are Sessile, meaning? | Fungi are anchored to the organic material on which they feed.
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| Fungi have cell walls made of _______ | Chitin.
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| Mycorrhizae | Mycorrhizal fungi grow in association with the roots of plants, receiving sugar from the plant while transferring nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil to the plant.
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| Protists are | All eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi
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