Anatomy/ PHysiology for Bio110
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| show | Study of bone
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| show | bones, cartilage and ligaments
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| show | joint surfaces of most bone
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| What are the ligaments function? | show 🗑
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| show | to attach muscle to bone but considered part of the muscular system
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| show | 1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Electrolyte balance of the calcium and phosphate ions
5. Acid-base balance to buffer the blood against excessive pH changes
6. Blood formation
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| Does the skeletal system generate movement? | show 🗑
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| What is bone? | show 🗑
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| Mineralization or calcification | show 🗑
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| show | bone tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, adipose tissue, nervous tissue, and fibrous connective tissue
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| What are the different types of bone? | show 🗑
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| show | flat bone
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| What type of bone are the humerus and tibia? | show 🗑
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| What type of bone are wrist bones? | show 🗑
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| What is the outer shell of the lone bone? | show 🗑
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| Diaphysis or shaft | show 🗑
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| show | the space in teh diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow
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| show | the enlarged ends of the long bone -to strengthen joints and attach ligaments and tendons
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| show | covered by more durable compact bone and is in the end of long bones and the middle of all other bones
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| show | 3/4 of the skeleton is compact and 1/4 is spongy.
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| What is articular cartilage? | show 🗑
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| nutrient foramina | show 🗑
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| Periosteum | show 🗑
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| why is the inner osteogenic layer of bone-forming cells of the periosteum important? | show 🗑
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| show | Collagen
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| What does Peri mean? | show 🗑
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| show | Within
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| Endosteum | show 🗑
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| Epiphyseal plate ( growth plate) | show 🗑
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| show | in adults, the bony scar marks where the growth plate used to be
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| show | is the spongy layer in the cranium, absorbs shock and has marrow spaces lined with endosteum
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| show | is a sandwich-like flat bone construction with two layers of compact bone enclosing a middle layer of spongy bone
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| show | Is connective tissue that consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance
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| show | 1. Osteogenic cells
2. osteoblasts
3. Osteocytes
4. Osteoclasts
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| Osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| show | bone-dissolving cells found on the bone surface that chops up bone to allow calcium to be taken back up into the blood
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| Osteoblast location | show 🗑
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| Osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| Osteogenic cells ( osteoprogenitor) | show 🗑
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| show | mature bone cells that were formerly osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix
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| Lacunae | show 🗑
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| canaliculi | show 🗑
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| cytoplasmic processes | show 🗑
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| show | contribute to homeostatic mechanism of bone density and calcium and phosphate ions by having some cells reabsorb bone matrix and others deposit it.
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| show | Osteocytes will produce biochemical signals that regulate bone remodeling
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| osteoporosis | show 🗑
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| osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| Osteoclasts size | show 🗑
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| show | this side faces the bone surface that has several deep infoldings of plasma membrane which increase surface area to improve resorption efficiency
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| Resorption bays | show 🗑
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| show | this is the result of both actions of the osteoclasts and osteoblast
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| show | made up of osseous tissue ( 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic matter)
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| Organic matter of the bone | show 🗑
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| show | composed of 85% hydroxyapatite or calcium-phosphate salt, 10% calcium carbonate and other minerals such as fluoride, potassium and magnesium. This allows the bone to support the body weight.
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| Bone matrix | show 🗑
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| show | soft bones due to calcium deficiency
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| show | Also called brittle bone disease and is due to lack of protein or collagen in the bone
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| show | slivers of bone material in the spongy bone
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| Trabeculae | show 🗑
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| show | located in the spaces of the spongy bone
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| Spongy bones consist of | show 🗑
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| show | general term for soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone and small spaces amid the trabeculae of the spongy bone
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| show | The myeloid tissue or hemopoietic tissue that produces blood cells and composed of multiple tissues arrangement
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| Where is Red marrow located? | show 🗑
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| Yellow marrow | show 🗑
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| Bone development | show 🗑
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| show | formation of bone
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| show | the zone of transition for bones facing the marrow cavity where cartilage is being replaced by bone
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