Ch 7 Bone Tissue Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Osteology	Study of bone
What is the Skeletal System composed of?	bones, cartilage and ligaments
Where is Cartilage is located on the skeletal system?	joint surfaces of most bone
What are the ligaments function?	To hold bones together at the joints and considered part of the skeletal system
What are the tendons function?	to attach muscle to bone but considered part of the muscular system
What are the six functions of the skeleton system?	1. Support 2. Protection 3. Movement 4. Electrolyte balance of the calcium and phosphate ions 5. Acid-base balance to buffer the blood against excessive pH changes 6. Blood formation
Does the skeletal system generate movement?	No, the muscular system does this but needs the skeleton to attach itself to.
What is bone?	connective tissue with the non-living matrix hardened by caclium phosphate and other minerals
Mineralization or calcification	the hardening process of bone from cartilage.
what do Individual bones consist of?	bone tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, adipose tissue, nervous tissue, and fibrous connective tissue
What are the different types of bone?	flat bones, long bones, short bones and irregular bones
What type of bone is the sternum?	flat bone
What type of bone are the humerus and tibia?	long bones
What type of bone are wrist bones?	short bones
What is the outer shell of the lone bone?	Compact (dense) bone
Diaphysis or shaft	the cylinder of compact bone to provide leverage
Medullary cavity or marrow cavity	the space in teh diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow
Ephiphyses	the enlarged ends of the long bone -to strengthen joints and attach ligaments and tendons
Spongy ( cancellous) bone	covered by more durable compact bone and is in the end of long bones and the middle of all other bones
What is the proportion of the skeleton that has compact bone and spongy bone by weight?	3/4 of the skeleton is compact and 1/4 is spongy.
What is articular cartilage?	the layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the joint's surface where one bone meets another.
nutrient foramina	minute holes in the bone surface that allows blood vessels to penetrate
Periosteum	external sheath that covers bone except where there is articular cartilage
why is the inner osteogenic layer of bone-forming cells of the periosteum important?	for growth of bone and healing of fractures
What is the outer fibrous layer of the periosteum made of?	Collagen
What does Peri mean?	around
What does Endo mean?	Within
Endosteum	thin layer of reticular connective tissue lining the marrow cavity and has osteoclast and osteoblasts to dissolve or deposit osseous tissue
Epiphyseal plate ( growth plate)	area of hyaline cartilage that separates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis and enables growth of bone length
Epiphyseal line	in adults, the bony scar marks where the growth plate used to be
Diploe	is the spongy layer in the cranium, absorbs shock and has marrow spaces lined with endosteum
Cranium general feature of bone	is a sandwich-like flat bone construction with two layers of compact bone enclosing a middle layer of spongy bone
Bone	Is connective tissue that consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance
Four types of bone cells	1. Osteogenic cells 2. osteoblasts 3. Osteocytes 4. Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts	bone- forming, non-mitotic cells that build bone by taking the Calcium out of blood and stores it into the bone
Osteoclasts	bone-dissolving cells found on the bone surface that chops up bone to allow calcium to be taken back up into the blood
Osteoblast location	cells line up as a single layer of cells under the endosteum and periosteum
Osteoblasts	synthesize soft organic matter of matrix which will harden by mineral deposition
Osteogenic cells ( osteoprogenitor)	stem cells found in endosteum, periosteum and in central canals
Osteocytes	mature bone cells that were formerly osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix
Lacunae	tiny cavities where osteocytes reside
canaliculi	little channels that connect lacunae
cytoplasmic processes	reach into canaliculi
osteocytes	contribute to homeostatic mechanism of bone density and calcium and phosphate ions by having some cells reabsorb bone matrix and others deposit it.
What happens when osteocytes are stressed?	Osteocytes will produce biochemical signals that regulate bone remodeling
osteoporosis	a disease that happens when osteoblast are not present and mostly occurs in women due to loss of estrogen during menopause
osteoclasts	develop from same bone marrow stem cells that develop into blood cells and different origin from the rest of the bone cells
Osteoclasts size	unusually large cells formed from the fusion of several stem cells, typically 3 to 4 nuclei ( may have up to 50 nuclei)
ruffled border of bone cells	this side faces the bone surface that has several deep infoldings of plasma membrane which increase surface area to improve resorption efficiency
Resorption bays	also known as Howship lacunae that are pits on the bone surface where osteoclasts reside
Remodeling	this is the result of both actions of the osteoclasts and osteoblast
The matrix of the bone	made up of osseous tissue ( 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic matter)
Organic matter of the bone	composed of collagen and carbohydrate-protein complexes that is synthesized by osteoblasts and gives bone its flexibility
Inorganic matter of the bone	composed of 85% hydroxyapatite or calcium-phosphate salt, 10% calcium carbonate and other minerals such as fluoride, potassium and magnesium. This allows the bone to support the body weight.
Bone matrix	is a composite of two basic structural materials, ceramic and polymer
Rickets	soft bones due to calcium deficiency
Osteogenesis imperfecta	Also called brittle bone disease and is due to lack of protein or collagen in the bone
Spicules	slivers of bone material in the spongy bone
Trabeculae	thin plates of bone in the spongy bone
Red bone marrow	located in the spaces of the spongy bone
Spongy bones consist of	spicules, trabeculae, and red bone marrow with few to no osteons and no central canals.
Bone marrow	general term for soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone and small spaces amid the trabeculae of the spongy bone
Red marrow	The myeloid tissue or hemopoietic tissue that produces blood cells and composed of multiple tissues arrangement
Where is Red marrow located?	in Adults-skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, part of pelvic girdle and proximal heads of femur and humerus in children, in nearly every bone
Yellow marrow	in adults, most red marrow turns into fatty yellow marrow and no longer produces blood
Bone development	in fetus or infant, develops in two methods, intramembranous ( flat bone) ossification or endochondral ossification (long bones)
Ossification or osteogenesis	formation of bone
metaphysis	the zone of transition for bones facing the marrow cavity where cartilage is being replaced by bone

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