Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Traits are influenced by genes and environmental factors. Explain the difference. | Some traits, such as hair color are passed down through genes. But certain actions, like being in the sun for too long, can change your hair color.
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| What is a carrier? | Someone or something who is not affected by a disease, but can pass it on to their children.
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| What are the male and female sex chromosomes? | Males have XY, and females have XX
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| How does down syndrome occur? | When there is an extra copy of chromosome 21
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| What is sickle-cell anemia? | A genetic mutations where red blood cells are not able to carry as much oxygen, and become sickle shaped, resulting in unhealthy blood.
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| Describe DNA (include it's shape and makeup) | The genetic code that holds instructions for life. It is shaped in a double-helix fashion, and is made up of 4 bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
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| What rules must be followed when ATCG bases are paired up? | A (Adenine) must always pair up with T (Thymine), and C (Cytosine) must always pair with G (Guanine).
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| What is a karyotype? | A visual of your chromosomes and how they look.
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| What is selective breeding? | Breeding certain animals with desirable traits to get an animal with all the desired traits.
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| What is inbreeding? | Breeding members of the same family with similar or identical genes to get desired traits
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| What is cloning? | Producing an animal that is genetically identical to the animal from which it's cell was taken.
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| What is a genome? | All the DNA and genes in a cell or an organism.
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| What was the purpose of the human genome project? | To map all the genes in the human genome
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| What is a mutation? | When genetic code is not correct, and either an extra base is added, a base is not present, or it is the wrong base.
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| Describe the types of mutations that can occur. | Addition, Deletion, and Substitution
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| What is a gene? | A set of instructions for making protein, and is made of DNA
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| What is genetic engineering? | Transferring genes from one organism to the DNA of another.
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| What is the difference in mitosis and meiosis? | Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction and produces 2 identical cells. Meiosis is a form of sexual reproduction and produces 4 daughter cells that have 0.5 the number of chromosomes from each cell.
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| What is unique about an identical twin's DNA? | They are identical.
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Antidisestablishmentarianism
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