Big Mama Test Vocab
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| streak | the color of a mineral in a powdered form
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| compound | a substance made up of atoms two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
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| cleavage | In geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces
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| hardness | a mineral’s resistance to being scratched
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| luster | The way in which a mineral reflects light
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| ore | a deposit that has a high enough concentration of valuable material to be extracted for profit
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| rock | a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter
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| mineral | a Natural, inorganic, solid that has a characteristic chemical composition and an orderly internal structure.
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| weathering | the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks.
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| texture | The quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions or the rock’s grains.
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| strata | layering of rock
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| extrusive igneous rocks | rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the earth’s surface
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| intrusive igneous rocks | Rock which forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the earth’s surface
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| crystal and crystal formation | a solid whose atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
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| fracture | breaking unevenly into pieces that have curved or irregular surfaces
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| silicate | minerals that contain silicon and oxygen
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| sedimentary rocks | a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment
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| igneous rocks | rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies
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| metamorphic rocks | a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes
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| rock cycle | the series of processes in which rock forms, change from one type to another, is broken down or melted, and forms again by geologic processes
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| quarry | to cut into rock to get rocks and minerals
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| fossil | the remains of once living things
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| sediments | material that is transported (by wind, water etc.) and then deposited. Examples include- gravel, sand and mud.
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| magma | hot liquid form of rock underground
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| lava | magma that has reached earth’s surface
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| bedrock | C horizon. Contains large rock fragments. No organic matter
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| topsoil | A horizon at the top of the soil profit. Decomposers live here. Most organic material
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| humus | Dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals.
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| subsoil | B horizon. Under the topsoil. Less organic material
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| soil horizon | Each layer of soil within a soil profile
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| soil profile | a vertical section of soil that shows the layers, or horizons
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| natural resource | Any natural material that is used by humans, such as water, petroleum, minerals, forests, and animals
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| loam | a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus
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| soil | a loose mixture rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation
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| Mom's Scale | scale of mineral hardness. Used in mineral identification
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| fossil fuel | a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago; examples include oil, coal, and natural gas
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| renewable resource | a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed (used)
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| nonrenewable resource | a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which the resource is consumed (used)
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| conservation | the wise use of and preservation of natural resources
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| uplift | movement of tectonic plates that causes rocks that were once underground to moved to the surface
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| deposition | the process by which sediment is removed from its source
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| density formula | D= M/V
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| composition | the chemical makeup of a rock
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| clastic | fragments of pre-existing rocks and minerals
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| chemical | formed from solutions or sediments from older rock
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| organic | fossils- once living organisms
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| 5 Criteria of Minerals | -solid
-inorganic
-definite chemical composition
-crystal structure
-naturally occurring
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