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Rocks,Minerals,Soil
Big Mama Test Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| streak | the color of a mineral in a powdered form |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. |
| cleavage | In geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces |
| hardness | a mineral’s resistance to being scratched |
| luster | The way in which a mineral reflects light |
| ore | a deposit that has a high enough concentration of valuable material to be extracted for profit |
| rock | a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter |
| mineral | a Natural, inorganic, solid that has a characteristic chemical composition and an orderly internal structure. |
| weathering | the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks. |
| texture | The quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions or the rock’s grains. |
| strata | layering of rock |
| extrusive igneous rocks | rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the earth’s surface |
| intrusive igneous rocks | Rock which forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the earth’s surface |
| crystal and crystal formation | a solid whose atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern |
| fracture | breaking unevenly into pieces that have curved or irregular surfaces |
| silicate | minerals that contain silicon and oxygen |
| sedimentary rocks | a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
| igneous rocks | rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
| metamorphic rocks | a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes |
| rock cycle | the series of processes in which rock forms, change from one type to another, is broken down or melted, and forms again by geologic processes |
| quarry | to cut into rock to get rocks and minerals |
| fossil | the remains of once living things |
| sediments | material that is transported (by wind, water etc.) and then deposited. Examples include- gravel, sand and mud. |
| magma | hot liquid form of rock underground |
| lava | magma that has reached earth’s surface |
| bedrock | C horizon. Contains large rock fragments. No organic matter |
| topsoil | A horizon at the top of the soil profit. Decomposers live here. Most organic material |
| humus | Dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals. |
| subsoil | B horizon. Under the topsoil. Less organic material |
| soil horizon | Each layer of soil within a soil profile |
| soil profile | a vertical section of soil that shows the layers, or horizons |
| natural resource | Any natural material that is used by humans, such as water, petroleum, minerals, forests, and animals |
| loam | a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus |
| soil | a loose mixture rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation |
| Mom's Scale | scale of mineral hardness. Used in mineral identification |
| fossil fuel | a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago; examples include oil, coal, and natural gas |
| renewable resource | a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed (used) |
| nonrenewable resource | a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which the resource is consumed (used) |
| conservation | the wise use of and preservation of natural resources |
| uplift | movement of tectonic plates that causes rocks that were once underground to moved to the surface |
| deposition | the process by which sediment is removed from its source |
| density formula | D= M/V |
| composition | the chemical makeup of a rock |
| clastic | fragments of pre-existing rocks and minerals |
| chemical | formed from solutions or sediments from older rock |
| organic | fossils- once living organisms |
| 5 Criteria of Minerals | -solid -inorganic -definite chemical composition -crystal structure -naturally occurring |
Created by:
mrsforgach
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