Mid term review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Biology | is the scientific study of life.
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| Properties of life include | 1. Order—the highly ordered structure that typifies life,
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| 2. | Reproduction—the ability of organisms to reproduce their own kind
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| 3. | Growth and development—consistent growth and development controlled by inherited DNA,
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| 4. | Energy processing—the use of chemical energy to power an organism’s activities and chemical reactions,
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| 5. | Regulation—an ability to control an organism’s internal environment within limits that sustain life,
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| 6. | Response to the environment—an ability to respond to environmental stimuli.
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| 7. | Evolutionary adaptation—the ability for individuals with traits best suited to their environments to pass on their traits.
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| Biological organization unfolds as follows: | 1. Biosphere—all of the environments on Earth that support life
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| 2. | Ecosystem—all the organisms living in a particular area and the physical components with which the organisms interact,
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| 3. | Community—the entire array of organisms living in a particular ecosystem,
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| 4. | Population—all the individuals of a species living in a specific area
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| 5. | Organism—an individual living thing,
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| 6. | Organ system—several organs that cooperate in a specific function,
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| 7. | Organ—a structure that is composed of tissues,
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| 8. | Tissue—a group of similar cells that perform a specific function
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| 9. | Cell—the fundamental unit of life
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| 10. | Organelle—a membrane-enclosed structure that performs a specific function within a cell,
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| 11. | Molecule—a cluster of small chemical units called atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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| In life's biological hierarchy properties emerge at each level. | Emergent properties are new properties that arise in each step upward in the hierarchy of life from the arrangement and interactions among component parts.
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| Cells are the structural and functional units of life. Cells are the level at which the properties of life emerge | A cell can
REGULATE its internal environment,
TAKE IN and use energy,
RESPOND to its environment,
DEVELOP and maintain its complex organization, and
GIVE RISE to new cells
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| All cells | are enclosed by a membrane that regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its surroundings. And
uses DNA as their genetic information.
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| There are two basic forms of cells. | Prokaryotic cells, which
were the first to evolve,
are simpler, and
are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells.
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| And | Eukaryotic cells, which
are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists and
are subdivided by membranes into various functional compartments, or organelles, including a nucleus that houses the DNA.
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| Systems biology | Systems biology is the study of a biological system and the modeling of its dynamic behavior, ranging from the functioning of the biosphere to the complex molecular machinery of an organelle.
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| Cells illustrate another theme in biology | the correlation of structure and function.
Structure is related to function at all levels of biological organization
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| Living organisms interact with their environments, which include | Living organisms interact with their environments, which include
other organisms and
physical factors
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| In most ecosystems | -plants are the producers that provide the food,
-consumers eat plants and other animals, and
-decomposers act as recyclers, changing complex matter into simpler chemicals that plants can absorb and use.
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| The dynamics of ecosystems include two major processes | the recycling of chemical nutrients from the atmosphere and soil through producers, consumers, and decomposers back to the air and soil and
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| 2 | the one-way flow of energy through an ecosystem, entering as sunlight and exiting as heat.
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