Micro Exam 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is found on the 5' end of the DNA strand? | a phosphate group
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| semiconservative DNA replication | each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand
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| what are the characteristics of Okazaki fragments? | they are made by DNA polymerase III, they make up the lagging strands of replicated DNA, they begin with RNA primer, they are joined together by DNA lligase
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| what processes are involved in protein synthesis? | translation only
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| during transcription, RNA polymerase makes mRNA by "reading" what strand of DNA | template
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| using the genetic code, what amino acid is coded by the mRNA codon AAA? | lysine
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| what the anticodon attach to? | the mRNA codon
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| genes | segments of DNA that codes for a functional product
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| chromosomes | genes essential for survival
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| plasmid | extra chromosomal DNA that replicate independently not essential for normal bacterial metabolism, growth or reproduction, can confer survival advantages
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| gene expression | gene activity leads to a protein product in a cell (protein synthesis)
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| complementary base pairing | 5 prime end is down and 3 prime end is up
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| what are the 5' and 3' ends | the way the DNA replicate, the newly made "leading strand" is synthesized continuous and the newly made "lagging strand is synthezised discontinuously
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| antiparallel | complementary DNA strands are antiparallel newly made strands have to run 5 prime to 3 prime
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| which strand of DNA is continuous | the leading strand
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| what is the origin of replication | direction of leading parental strand
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| DNA helicase | unwinds DNA and creates replication fork pull apart double strand of DNA
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| Stabilizing proteins | bind to prevent reannealing, it keeps the DNA strands apart
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| replication forks | it moves as replication takes place
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| the lagging strand is | discontinuous
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| DNA polymerase (III) AND (I) | used to help put in RNA primers, binds and adds nucleotides to hydroxyl group at 3 end of nucleic acid. It replaces RNA primer with DNA
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| RNA primer | complementary to "moms" DNA to nucleotides
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| RNA polymerase | synthesizes short RNA sequencing called primers= starting points for DNA synthesis
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| DNA ligase | seals gap between okazaki fragments
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| okazaki fragment | short, newly synthesized DNA fragments
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| RNA | single strand and is composed of the sugar ribose, substitutes uracil for thymine
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| mRNA | carries genetic information to ribosomes
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| rRNA | found in ribosomes
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| tRNA | transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where the protein product is synthesized (transfer)
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| transcription | DNA transcribed to RNA
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| translation | RNA translated to form polypeptides
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| coding strand | strand of DNA that codes for a protein, it is the same as the mRNA except for substitution bases- uracil thymine
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| template strand | complementary to coding strand, this is the strand that is transcribed to make mRNA
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| codon | reading the genetic code three bases at a time
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| operon | group of genes that work together and helps regulate gene expression
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| what are the components of the operon | promoter, operator, structural genes
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| operator | DNA segment, repressor protein binds to prevent the attachment of promoter gene
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| promoter | DNA segment where the RNA polymerase attaches to being transcription
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| structural genes | code for specific proteins
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| inducible operons | gene usually not transcribed, must be turned off by a substance
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| repressible | gene always transcribed (on) must be turned off
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| mutation | change in sequence of bases within a gene
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| mutagens | agents that cause mutations
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| point mutations | single base at one point in the DNA sequence is inserted, deleted, or substituted by another base
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| frameshift mutations | one or several base pairs are deleted or inserted in to the DNA sequence, shifts from the "transitional reading frame"
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Created by:
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