Section 15.1 Darwin and Natural Selection
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| What most people of Darwin's time ( 1830's) thought about age of earth and plants and animals on earth | thought earth was young 6000 years old and plants and animals were unchanging ... creationism or fixity of species
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| Facts about Charles Darwin's famous 5 year voyage ( 1831-35) ... ship, job, famous islands that were visited | HMS Beagle , Naturalist ( collect specimens ( biological and geological), Galapagos islands ( off coast of Ecuador)
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| What Darwin observed about animals of Galapagos | The species of the Galapagos were new species . They most closely resembled South American species but the environments were different they should not have resembled each other unless populations from mainland changed after reaching Galapagos
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| What evidence of evolution did Darwin and this crew eat | they ate the tortoises ... Darwin didn't pay attention to the governor when he said the tortoises of each island could be identified by their shells...
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| what bird species show divergent evolution or adaptive radiation after reaching the Galapagos islands ( two possible) | the Darwin or Galapagos Finches and the Mockingbirds
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| How did pigeons help Darwin with his theory | A breeder can promote certain traits in pigeons by selecting and breeding those birds that have the most exaggerated expressions of those traits... this is called artificial selection or selective breeding
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| What was the conclusion about evolution based on his experience with selective breeding or artificial selection | If humans could change species by artificial selection then maybe the same process could work in nature
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| How did the Malthus essay influence Darwin... THIS WAS AN AHA MOMENT | The essay suggested that the human population if unchecked, would outgrow its food supply... a COMPETITIVE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
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| How did Darwin apply Malthus's essay to the Natural World | some competitors in the struggle for existence would be better equipped for survival than others. those less equipped would die.
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| What is the name of Darwin's idea or mechanism about the origin of a species | Natural Selection
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| What are the first two of four basic principles to explain how traits of a population can change over time | 1. individuals in a population have differences or variations
2. The variations are inherited ( passed down from parent to offspring)
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| What are the last two of four basic principles to explain how traits of a population can change over time | 3. organisms have more offspring that can survive on available resources ( struggle for existence)
4. variations that increase reproductive success will have a greater chance of being passed on
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| Given enough _________ natural selection could modify a population enough to produce a new species | time
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| Natural Selection is considered the _____ by which evolution takes place | Mechanism..... ( the way)... Natural selection does not equal evolution
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| Darwin likely formulated the idea about Natural Selection around 1840... and didn't present it until approx. 1858.. what occurred until then | he compiled much evidence
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| What is the book published by Darwin to explain Natural Selection | On the Origin of Species by means of natural selection ( usually called ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES)
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