NREMT Preparation
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN | Acute (sudden onset) abdominal pain is usually due to trauma,
distention, inflammation, or ischemia.
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| Visceral pain | Dull, diffuse pain that is difficult to localize
Frequently associated with nausea and vomiting
Often not severe, but may indicate actual organ injury
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| Parietal pain | Severe, localized pain. Usually sharp and constant.
The pain will often cause the patient to curl up with
knees to chest.
The patient is often very still and breathing shallowly to
diminish pain.
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| Referred pain | causes pain in an area of the body other than
the source
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| Appendicitis | Caused by inflammation of the appendix.
Can lead to life-threatening infection and septic shock.
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| Appendicitis Signs and symptoms | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fever.
Pain may begin as diffuse, but usually localizes to right
lower quadrant.
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| Peritonitis | Peritonitis is caused by inflammation of the peritoneum
(membrane lining the abdominal organs and cavity).
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| Peritonitis Signs and symptoms | nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite,
diarrhea, fever.
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| Cholecystitis | Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gall bladder, often due
to gallstones. Most often occurs in females 30 to 50 years of age.
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| Cholecystitis Signs and symptoms | Right upper quadrant pain
Increased pain at night
Increased pain after eating fatty foods
Referred pain to the shoulder is common
Nausea and vomiting
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| Diverticulitis | Diverticulitis develops when small pouches (diverticula)
along the wall of the intestine fill with feces and become
inflamed and infected.
Typically affects people over age 40 and is associated with a
low-fiber diet.
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| Diverticulitis Signs and symptoms | Usually abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant
Fever
Weakness
Nausea and vomiting
Bleeding not common
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| Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding | Most often occurs in middle-aged patients
Most often fatal in geriatric patients
Upper GI bleeds: often due to ulcers
Lower GI bleeds: often due to diverticulitis
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| Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding Signs and symptoms | Hematemesis: vomiting blood
Hematochezia: bloody stool
Melena Dark, tarry stool
Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock
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| Gastroenteritis | Gastroenteritis is an infection with associated diarrhea,
nausea, and vomiting.
It is usually due to contaminated food or water and is not
contagious.
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| Gastroenteritis | Prolonged vomiting and diarrhea can lead to hypovolemic
shock.
Gastroenteritis is a common cause of shock in children.
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| Esophageal Varices | Esophageal varices are a weakening of the blood vessels
lining the esophagus.
The condition is frequently associated with alcoholism.
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| Esophageal Varices Signs and symptoms | Vomiting large amounts of bright red blood
History of alcohol abuse or liver disease
Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock
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| Ulcers | Ulcers are open wounds along the digestive tract, often the
stomach.
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| Ulcers Signs and symptoms | History of ulcers
Abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant
Nausea and vomiting
Often elicits an increase in pain before meals and during
stress
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| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | AAA is a weakening of the wall of the aorta in the abdominal
region.
Weakened area is prone to rupture. A ruptured AAA will
likely cause rapid, fatal bleeding.
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| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Signs and symptoms | AAA most common in geriatric males
Tearing back pain
Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock
Possible pulsating abdominal mass
Patients with a suspected AAA should be transported to an
appropriate facility without delay.
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| GYNECOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES | Gynecologic emergencies relate to female patients and their
reproductive systems.
Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of most
gynecologic emergencies.
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| Sexual assault | Sexual assault patients have been victimized physically
and psychologically
~ Request law enforcement and victim's assistance.
~ Do not touch the patient without consent.
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| Sexual assault | ~ Request a same-sex provider if one is not already
on scene.
~ Encourage the patient not to change clothes,
shower, etc.
~ Treat clothing as evidence. Do not touch unless
necessary.
~ Touch only those things that are necessary.
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| Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | PID is painful and requires treatment. Nonemergency
transport is recommended.
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| Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Signs and symptoms | Abdominal pain
~ Fever
~ Pain during urination
~ Often, increased pain while walking
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| Vaginal bleeding. | This condition has many potential
causes, including spontaneous abortion, PID, and sexually
transmitted diseases.
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| Signs and symptoms of gynecologic problems | Abdominal pain
Vaginal bleeding or discharge
Signs and symptoms of shock
Fever, nausea, and vomiting
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| Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) | Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
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| Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Signs and symptoms | Abdominal pain
Hematuria: blood in urine
Painful or frequent urination
Fever, nausea, and vomiting
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| Kidney Stones | Kidney stones are crystals formed in the kidneys that can
cause an obstruction in the urinary tract, causing severe pain.
Males are much more likely to develop kidney stones.
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| Kidney Stones Signs and symptoms | Severe abdominal pain, groin pain
Painful urination, fever, nausea, and vomiting
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| .Kidney Failure | Kidney failure is when the kidneys are no longer able to
function sufficiently. Water and toxins accumulate and
dialysis may be needed.
Dialysis artificially removes excess fluid and waste
products from the blood.
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| Maintain a high index of suspicion for the following: | Any patient with abdominal pain associated with fever,
bleeding, vomiting, syncope, chest pain, trauma, or signs
of shock
Any female patient of child-bearing years with abdominal
pain
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| Maintain a high index of suspicion for the following: | Any patient with abdominal pain suggestive of a possible
cardiac problem, such as the geriatric, diabetic, and female
patients
Any patient complaining of severe "tearing" back or flank
pain
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Created by:
ditchdoctech
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