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Abdominal EMT

NREMT Preparation

TermDefinition
ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN Acute (sudden onset) abdominal pain is usually due to trauma, distention, inflammation, or ischemia.
Visceral pain Dull, diffuse pain that is difficult to localize Frequently associated with nausea and vomiting Often not severe, but may indicate actual organ injury
Parietal pain Severe, localized pain. Usually sharp and constant. The pain will often cause the patient to curl up with knees to chest. The patient is often very still and breathing shallowly to diminish pain.
Referred pain causes pain in an area of the body other than the source
Appendicitis Caused by inflammation of the appendix. Can lead to life-threatening infection and septic shock.
Appendicitis Signs and symptoms Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fever. Pain may begin as diffuse, but usually localizes to right lower quadrant.
Peritonitis Peritonitis is caused by inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal organs and cavity).
Peritonitis Signs and symptoms nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, fever.
Cholecystitis Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gall bladder, often due to gallstones. Most often occurs in females 30 to 50 years of age.
Cholecystitis Signs and symptoms Right upper quadrant pain Increased pain at night Increased pain after eating fatty foods Referred pain to the shoulder is common Nausea and vomiting
Diverticulitis Diverticulitis develops when small pouches (diverticula) along the wall of the intestine fill with feces and become inflamed and infected. Typically affects people over age 40 and is associated with a low-fiber diet.
Diverticulitis Signs and symptoms Usually abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant Fever Weakness Nausea and vomiting Bleeding not common
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding Most often occurs in middle-aged patients Most often fatal in geriatric patients Upper GI bleeds: often due to ulcers Lower GI bleeds: often due to diverticulitis
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding Signs and symptoms Hematemesis: vomiting blood Hematochezia: bloody stool Melena Dark, tarry stool Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock
Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is an infection with associated diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. It is usually due to contaminated food or water and is not contagious.
Gastroenteritis Prolonged vomiting and diarrhea can lead to hypovolemic shock. Gastroenteritis is a common cause of shock in children.
Esophageal Varices Esophageal varices are a weakening of the blood vessels lining the esophagus. The condition is frequently associated with alcoholism.
Esophageal Varices Signs and symptoms Vomiting large amounts of bright red blood History of alcohol abuse or liver disease Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock
Ulcers Ulcers are open wounds along the digestive tract, often the stomach.
Ulcers Signs and symptoms History of ulcers Abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant Nausea and vomiting Often elicits an increase in pain before meals and during stress
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) AAA is a weakening of the wall of the aorta in the abdominal region. Weakened area is prone to rupture. A ruptured AAA will likely cause rapid, fatal bleeding.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Signs and symptoms AAA most common in geriatric males Tearing back pain Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock Possible pulsating abdominal mass Patients with a suspected AAA should be transported to an appropriate facility without delay.
GYNECOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES Gynecologic emergencies relate to female patients and their reproductive systems. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of most gynecologic emergencies.
Sexual assault Sexual assault patients have been victimized physically and psychologically ~ Request law enforcement and victim's assistance. ~ Do not touch the patient without consent.
Sexual assault ~ Request a same-sex provider if one is not already on scene. ~ Encourage the patient not to change clothes, shower, etc. ~ Treat clothing as evidence. Do not touch unless necessary. ~ Touch only those things that are necessary.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) PID is painful and requires treatment. Nonemergency transport is recommended.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Signs and symptoms Abdominal pain ~ Fever ~ Pain during urination ~ Often, increased pain while walking
Vaginal bleeding. This condition has many potential causes, including spontaneous abortion, PID, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Signs and symptoms of gynecologic problems Abdominal pain Vaginal bleeding or discharge Signs and symptoms of shock Fever, nausea, and vomiting
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Signs and symptoms Abdominal pain Hematuria: blood in urine Painful or frequent urination Fever, nausea, and vomiting
Kidney Stones Kidney stones are crystals formed in the kidneys that can cause an obstruction in the urinary tract, causing severe pain. Males are much more likely to develop kidney stones.
Kidney Stones Signs and symptoms Severe abdominal pain, groin pain Painful urination, fever, nausea, and vomiting
.Kidney Failure Kidney failure is when the kidneys are no longer able to function sufficiently. Water and toxins accumulate and dialysis may be needed. Dialysis artificially removes excess fluid and waste products from the blood.
Maintain a high index of suspicion for the following: Any patient with abdominal pain associated with fever, bleeding, vomiting, syncope, chest pain, trauma, or signs of shock Any female patient of child-bearing years with abdominal pain
Maintain a high index of suspicion for the following: Any patient with abdominal pain suggestive of a possible cardiac problem, such as the geriatric, diabetic, and female patients Any patient complaining of severe "tearing" back or flank pain
Created by: ditchdoctech
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