Thermo Exam 1 Vocab
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| system | any element of space or matter specifically set aside for study
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| surroundings | everything outside of the system
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| system boudary | interface between the system and the surroundings (want to identify flows of energy into/out of system)
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| isolated system | no mass, heat, work can cross the system boundary; does not interact with the surroundings in any way
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| adiabatic | no heat transfer; no heat into or out of the system (perfectly insulated)
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| 1st law of thermodynamics | conservation of energy
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| property | any quantity that describes the state of the system and whose value depends solely on the state of the system ( does NOT depend on the process)
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| internal properties | define the state of the system
ex: temperature, pressure, internal energy, enthalpy, specific volume
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| external properties | velocity and height
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| intensive properties | properties that are independent of mass
ex: T, P, v, u, h, s
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| extensive properties | properties that depend on mass
ex: U, H, V
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| state principle | any 2 independent intensive thermo properties are sufficient to determine the equilibrium state of a pure, simple, compressible substance
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| equilibrium | the state of the system is not changing at all (all properties are fixed in relation to each other)
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| quasi-equilibrium | state is changing slowly (slow enough to be considered in equilibrium)
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| dynamic equilibrium | stuff is happening but on average nothing is changing (gas may turn into liquid and liquid into gas but they occur at the same rate)
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| intrinsic properties | a property that is independent of other things (including context/ surroundings)
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| closed system | always contains the same matter; there is no transfer of mass (control mass)
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| state | the condition of the system as described by its properties
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| process | a transformation from one state to another
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| steady state | when none of the properties change with time
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| specific volume | reciprocal of density; the volume per unit mass
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| absolute pressure | pressure with respect to the zero pressure of a complete vacuum
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| power | rate of energy transfer by work
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| thermodynamic cycle | a sequence of processes that begins and ends at the same state
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| pure sustance | is uniform and invariable in chemical composition
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| phase | quantity of matter that is homogeneous throughout in both chemical and physical structure
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| saturation state | a state at which a phase change begins or ends
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| critical point | where saturated liquid and saturated vapor lines meet
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| vapor dome | dome-shaped region composed of 2 phase liquid-vapor states
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| quality | the ratio of mass of vapor present to the total mass of the mixture
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| enthalpy | H=U+pV
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| perfect gas | ideal gas with constant specific heat
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