Chapter 3 and 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Describe felsic rocks? color? silica content? viscosity/ violenece? phaneritic rock (intrusive)? extrusive rock (aphaniritic) | color: light color .... silica content: 65-75% .... viscocity/violence: very high.... phaneritic rock: granite .... extrusive rock: rhyolite
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| Describe intermediate rocks? color? silica content? viscosity/ violenece? phaneritic rock (intrusive)? extrusive rock (aphaniritic) | color: dark and light .... silica content: 50-60% .... viscocity/violence: high.... phaneritic rock: diorite .... extrusive rock: andesite
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| Describe mafic rocks? color? silica content? viscosity/ violenece? phaneritic rock (intrusive)? extrusive rock (aphaniritic) | color: dark .... silica content: 45-50% .... viscocity/violence: low.... phaneritic rock: gabbro .... extrusive rock: basalt
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| composition of continental crust? | igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks: gabbro
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| composition of oceanic crust? | mostly igneous rock: basalt
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| composition of mantel? | mostly ultramafic material: periodtite
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| effects of pressure and water? | pressure raises the melting point, water lowers the melting point
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| Bowens | the lower the melting point, the higher the silica
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| compostion of magma formed by partial melting | mafic magma, more silica deficient with increasing pressure
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| what is concordant | with the pattern
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| what is dike: | is a cut shaped like a table top, not parallel with the layers
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| what is discordant? | not with the body
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| what is sill? | intrusive body parallel with the layers
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| what is peridotite? | ultramafic rock composed of pyroxene and olivine. composes the mantel
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| what is batholith? | large intrusions exposed rock, no shape, not all but most are composed of granite
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| what is texture? | size, shape, and arrangment of mineral grains
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| what is ultramafic? | magma or igneous rock that contains less than 45% silica and is enriched in calcium iron and magnesium
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| what is partial melting? | melting of the components of a rock with the lowest melting temperatures
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| intrusive and extrusive rocks? | both were magma. intrusive cools slower within the earths surface and have a phaneritic texture. extrusive has faster cooling on earths surface
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| relationship between silica content, viscosity, and violence. How does each effect each thing | the more violence the more viscocity it has and the more viscosity it has then the higher the silica
the less violence the less viscocity it has and the less viscosity it has then the lower the silica
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| shield volcanoe | short but big, lava flows out the vent, effusive eruption, lava cools and keeps building
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| cinder cone | steep slopes, smallest of all three, constructed by pyroclastic fragments, explosed upward but near the vent
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| composite volcanoe | intermediate in steepness. constructed by lava flows and pyroclastic materials, highly explosive. most popular ones, and the ones that kill
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| two criteria to classify rocks | texture and composition
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| igneous rocks with slow cooling | phaneritic (large grains)
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| igneous rocks with fast cooling | aphanitic (small grains), porhyritic (few large grains), vesicular (pores) , glassy
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| what is magma? | molten rock, mostly silica
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| what is lava? | magma on earths surface
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| what is pyroclastics? | fragments of rocks formed by volcanoe eruptions
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| what is pyroclastic flow? | turbulent mixture of gases and pryroclastics flowing down the slopes of the volcanoe
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| what is vesicular? | a type of volcanic rock texture that has pores
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| what is the vent? | the opening of earths surface through which a volcanic eruption takes place.
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