Microbial genetics Pt 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| genetics | study of heredity
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| genotype | genes that organisms contain
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| phenotype | the expression of a gene
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| gene | a segment of DNA and it codes for a functional product
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| purines | double ring
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| which nucleotide's are purines? | adenine and guanine
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| pyrimidines | single ring
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| which nucleotide's are pyrimidines? | cytosine, thymine, and uracil
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| plus strand | the side to tell what you what protein to make
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| minus strand | is the template strand that replicates the gene strand
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| genetic code | linear sequence of bases
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| replication | DNA -->DNA
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| transcription | DNA-->RNA
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| translation | RNA-->protiens
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| tRNA | is the interpreter from RNA->proteins
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| semi-conservative replication | the new daughter strands have each parent strand as a template
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| 3’ carbon | has the OH group, used for dehydration synthesis
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| 5’ carbon | has the phosphate group, dead end
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| antiparallel | the strands are oriented in opposite directions from each
other
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| ends of the molecule | refer to the ‘5 prime’ or ‘3 prime’
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| where does the energy come from to do replication? | free nucleotide's in the cytoplasm
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| DNA polymerase | proofread's the bases added and get's rid of them if they don't match correctly
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| how many phases does DNA replication have? | three, unwinding, complimentary base pairing & joining
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| unwinding | the parent strands are unwound by an enzyme called helicase
& the hydrogen bonds are ‘unzipped’
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| what enzyme unwinds the parent strand? | helicase
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| complimentary base pairing | free bases in the nucleus spontaneously form hydrogen bonds
with the complimentary bases in the parent strands
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| joining | DNA polymerase III makes a covalent bond between the sugar
and the phosphate group on the daughter strand
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| DNA polymerase III | adds the base nucleotide's to the strand
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| what prevents the upstream tangling of DNA by nicking it in places and allowing it to unravel? | Topoisomerases
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| replication fork | the point at which the DNA is unwound to allow for replication
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| what is needed to start a new strand? | RNA polyermase
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| what is RNA polyermase also called? | primase
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| what is DNA polymerase I? | is the proofread for DNA and removes the primer, fixes any mistakes
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| what is DNA ligase? | seals the nicks between adjacent, unattached nucleotides
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| transcription | synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a
DNA template.
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| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | carries the genetic code – the working copy of the gene, carried into protiens
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| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | is an integral part of ribosome structure – the site
of protein synthesis, not translated into proteins
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| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | carries the free amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, not translated into protiens
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| Ribozymes and spliceosomes | RNA enzymes
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| 3 Stages of transcription | initiation, elongation, termination
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| codons | groups of three nucleotide's, that code for a particular amino acid
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