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Micro module 7
Microbial genetics Pt 1
| terms | definitons |
|---|---|
| genetics | study of heredity |
| genotype | genes that organisms contain |
| phenotype | the expression of a gene |
| gene | a segment of DNA and it codes for a functional product |
| purines | double ring |
| which nucleotide's are purines? | adenine and guanine |
| pyrimidines | single ring |
| which nucleotide's are pyrimidines? | cytosine, thymine, and uracil |
| plus strand | the side to tell what you what protein to make |
| minus strand | is the template strand that replicates the gene strand |
| genetic code | linear sequence of bases |
| replication | DNA -->DNA |
| transcription | DNA-->RNA |
| translation | RNA-->protiens |
| tRNA | is the interpreter from RNA->proteins |
| semi-conservative replication | the new daughter strands have each parent strand as a template |
| 3’ carbon | has the OH group, used for dehydration synthesis |
| 5’ carbon | has the phosphate group, dead end |
| antiparallel | the strands are oriented in opposite directions from each other |
| ends of the molecule | refer to the ‘5 prime’ or ‘3 prime’ |
| where does the energy come from to do replication? | free nucleotide's in the cytoplasm |
| DNA polymerase | proofread's the bases added and get's rid of them if they don't match correctly |
| how many phases does DNA replication have? | three, unwinding, complimentary base pairing & joining |
| unwinding | the parent strands are unwound by an enzyme called helicase & the hydrogen bonds are ‘unzipped’ |
| what enzyme unwinds the parent strand? | helicase |
| complimentary base pairing | free bases in the nucleus spontaneously form hydrogen bonds with the complimentary bases in the parent strands |
| joining | DNA polymerase III makes a covalent bond between the sugar and the phosphate group on the daughter strand |
| DNA polymerase III | adds the base nucleotide's to the strand |
| what prevents the upstream tangling of DNA by nicking it in places and allowing it to unravel? | Topoisomerases |
| replication fork | the point at which the DNA is unwound to allow for replication |
| what is needed to start a new strand? | RNA polyermase |
| what is RNA polyermase also called? | primase |
| what is DNA polymerase I? | is the proofread for DNA and removes the primer, fixes any mistakes |
| what is DNA ligase? | seals the nicks between adjacent, unattached nucleotides |
| transcription | synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template. |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | carries the genetic code – the working copy of the gene, carried into protiens |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | is an integral part of ribosome structure – the site of protein synthesis, not translated into proteins |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | carries the free amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, not translated into protiens |
| Ribozymes and spliceosomes | RNA enzymes |
| 3 Stages of transcription | initiation, elongation, termination |
| codons | groups of three nucleotide's, that code for a particular amino acid |
Created by:
skittles6876
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