Science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Cell | the smallest unit that can perform all life processes.
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| All organisms are made out of them | Why are cells important?
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| Robert Hooke | The first person to describe cells in 1665, shortly after the invention of the microscope.
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| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Scientist that made his own microscope, looked at pond scum, and saw small organisms in the water
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| Protists | Single–celled organisms in the water. (pond scum)
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| 1st Law | All organisms are made of one or more cells
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| 2nd Law | The cell is the basic unit of all living things
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| 3rd Law | All cells come from existing cells
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| Membrane | A protective layer that covers the cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of the cell and the cell's external environment. It also controls fluid going into and out of the cell.
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| Cytoplasm | The fluid inside the cell
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| Organelles | The small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function.
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| Nucleus | The command center of a eukaryotic cell. It contains the cell's DNA (the source code of life) and plays a major role in processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
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| Prokaryote | An organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane–bound organelles.
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| Bacteria | The world's smallest cells and the most common type of prokaryotes. They live almost anywhere and have both DNA and a cell wall
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| Archaea | Prokaryotes that have organelles that are similar to eukaryotes. They are able to live in extreme environments that other organisms could, like deep–sea volcanic vents.
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| Eukaryotes | Organisms that are made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. All living things that are not bacteria or archaea are made of one or more eukaryotic cells.
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| Cell Wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. The ones in plant cells allow plants to stand upright.
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| Cell Membrane | a protective barrier that encloses a cell. It contains proteins, lipids, and phospholipids.
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| Lipids | Fat and cholesterol
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| Phospholipids | Lipids that contain phosphorous
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| Cytoskeleton | A web of proteins in the cytoplasm that acts as both a muscle and a skeleton. It keeps the cell's membranes from collapsing, and also helps some cells move.
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| Ribosomes | Organelles that make proteins in the cells. They are the smallest of all organelles. All cells need protein to live, therefore all cells have these.
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) | a system of folded membranes that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
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| Golgi complex | the organelle that packages and distributes proteins and lipids.
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| Vesicles | small bubbles that surround material that is to be moved into, out of, or around a cell.
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| Mitochondrion | "The _____ is the powerhouse of the cell! The double–membraned organelle in which sugar is broken down to produce energy.
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| Chloroplasts | organelles in plant and algae cells in which photosynthesis takes place.
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| Lysosomes | organelles that contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for digestion inside a cell. They destroy worn–out or damaged organelles, get rid of waste materials, and protect the cell from foreign invaders. These are found mainly in animal cells.
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| Vacuoles | Large vesicles that act like large lysosomes in plant and fungal cells. They also store water and other liquids in plant cells
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| ✓ | ✓ I know three 'advantages' to being multicellular
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| Tissue | A group of cells that work together to perform a specific job
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| Organ | A structure that is made of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function. (Remember; they do not always have to be made of the same type of tissue.)
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| Organ system | a group of organs working together to perform a specific function.
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| Organism | Anything that can perform life processes by itself
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| Structure | The arrangement of parts in an organism. It includes the shape of a part and the material of which the part is made.
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| Function | The job the part does.
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