Ch 22 spine injuries
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| What is the average age at the time of injury for SCI | 32.1 years
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| 80% of patients with SCI are younger then | 40 years
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| 55% of patients who suffer SCI are between what ages | 16 and 30
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| what are the top three causes of SCI. list them in order | MVA, acts of violence, and falls
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| Name three diseases that can cause SCI | Polio, spina bifida, Friedreichs ataxia
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| In the first few months of a SCI the ortality rate is as high as what | 20%
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| the spine consists of how many bones | 33
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| What is the vertebral body | the anterior weight bearing structure
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| what comprises the junction of each pedicle, and lamina on each side of a vertebra | the transverse spinous process
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| What is formed by the fusion of the posterior lamina and serves as an attachment site for muscles and ligaments. | the posterior spinous process
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| what 2 bones are uniquely suited to allow for rotational movement of the skull | the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2)
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| How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spin | 12
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| what helps to stabilize the thoracic | the rib attachments
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| the sacrum is formed of what | 5 fused vertebrae that form the posterior plate of the pelvis
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| the coccyx is made up of | 3-5 small fused vertebrae
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| Each vertebrae is seperated and cushioned by _______ ________ that limit bone wear and act as shock absorbers | intervertebral disks
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| The vertebral column can sustain normal flexion and extension of _____-_____% without stretching the spinal cord | 60-70%
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| the ACNS consists of what | the brain and the spinal cord
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| what connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain | the brain stem
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| the entire CNS is enclosed by a set of three membranes collectively known as what | meninges
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| the meninges consist of an outer, middle and inner layer. What are they | the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.
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| The meninges float in what | CSF
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| The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to where | L2
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| What is a collection of individual nerve roots called | cauda equina
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| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there | 31
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| Nerve roots occasionally converge into a cluster called ______ that permits peripherial nerve roots to rejoin and function as a group | plexus
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| The sensory nerves are what type of nerves? Efferent or Afferent | Afferent
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| The motor nervers are what type of nerves? Efferent or Afferent | Efferent
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| The sensory and motor nerves are reponsible for what type of function of the spinal cord | somatic
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| What part of the brain is responsible for the sympathetic nervous system | hypothalamus
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| A spinal cord injury at or above the _____ may disrupt the flow of sympathetic communication | T6
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| Cervical flexion injuries result from what | forward movement of the head. Typically from repid deceleration, or from a direct blow to the occiput
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| anterior wedge fractures, are they stable or unstable | they can be both
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| a cervical injury that often results from high acceleration forces is known as what | Rotation-flexion injuries
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| What type of injury often occures from forces being transmitted through the vertebral bodies and directed either inferiorly through the skull or superiorly through the pelvis or feet | Vertical compression
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| What type of injury often occures from the head and neck extending to far and can result in a fracture and/or ligamentous injury of variable stability | hyperextension
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| Primary spinal cord injury is the injury that occurs | at the moment of impact
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| what is characterized by a temporary dysfunction of the spinal cord that lasts from 24-48 hours | spinal cord concussion
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| What type of injury often occures from a progression of the primary SCI | secondary spinal cord injury
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| What are 3 key elements in the care of a patient with possible SCI | Minimizing heat loss, and maintaining oxygenation and perfusion
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| What type of injury involves cmplete disruption of all tracts of the spinal cord, with permanent loss of all cord mediated functions below the level of transection | Complete spinal cord injury
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| What type of injury often occures when the patient retains some degree of cord mediated function | incomplete spinal cord injury
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| What type of injury results from the displacement of bony fragments into the anterior portion of the spinal cord, often due to flexion injuries or fractures | Anterior cord syndrom
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| What type of injury occurs from hyperextension injuries to the cervical area, and present with hemorrhage or edema to the central cervical segments | central cord syndrome
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| Posterior cord syndrome is associated with what type of injury | extension injuries
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| A condition associated with penetrating trauma with hemisection of the spinal cord and complete damage to all spinal tracts on the involved side. | Brown-sequard syndrome
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| What type of injury refers to the temporary local neurologic condition that occurs immediately after spinal trauma | spinal shock
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| What type of injury results from the temporary loss of autonomic function, which controls cardiovascular function, at the level of injury | neurogenic shock
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| what is the classic presentation of neurogenic shock | a hypotensive, bradycardic patient whose skin is warm, flushed and dry below the level of the spinal lesion
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| the diaphragm is inervated by what | the phrenic nerve C3-C5
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| what are the ideal ETco2 levels | 35-45mm Hg
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| Where do you assess pulse and what do you assess for | radial and carotid, for rate, quality, regularity, and equality
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| What affects will hypothermia have on hemoglobin | it will impair it's ability to unbind oxygen from it
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| In a patient with multi system trauma fractures of the ribs, sternum, clavicla, scapula, or pelvis are usually associated with what other type of injury | SCI
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| Regions of the body innervated by the motor components of spinal nerves are known as | myotomes
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| Sensor commponents of spinal nerves innervate specific discrete areas of the body surface called | dermatomes
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| what is hyperesthesia | hyperacute pain to touch
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| when immobilizing pregnant patients you should do what with the backboard | tilt it at a 15-20 degree angle to displace weight off of the uterus
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| what is the benifit to placing the spine in the neutral in-line position | this provides the most space for the spinal cord and may reduce cord hypoxia and excess pressure on the tissue
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| about 80% of adults placed on a backboard will be in_______ and require ______-______'' of padding | extension, 1/2''-2''
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| what part of the population is a high risk of spontaneous commpression fractures of the spine | older patients, especially female, with a history of osteoporosis
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| Where is herniation most commonly found in the back | L4-L5, L5-S1
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Created by:
klindley
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