chapters 1&2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Inductive reasoning | Specific observations to a general principle.
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| Deductive reasoning? | If, then statement made from inductive reasoning.
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| Explain why the truth of a hypothesis cannot be proven conclusively via deductive reasoning. | There are always alternatives
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| Describe scientific theory. | Powerful, broad explanation for related observations.
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| Describe characteristics of a scientific hypothesis. | Has to be testable and falsifiable.
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| Define hypothesis! | Proposed explanation for observations.
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| What are the four steps of the scientific method? | 1. Make observations
2. Form Hypothesis
3. Experiment
4. Form A Conclusion
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| Define variables. | Factors that may change.
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| Define independent (experimental) variables. | Those Manipulated by researchers
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| Define dependent (response) variables. | Those not changed by the researcher. Observable effects can be measured.
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| Define control in terms of the experimental method. | Used for comparison. Everything stays the same but 1 variable.
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| Strategies for minimizing bias when designing experiments, | Blind & double blind studies.
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| Properties associated with living things | Composed of cells, growth, movement, reproduction, responds to stimuli, metabolize, maintains homeostasis, evolve
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| Define elements. | Fundamental forms of matter.
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| Define atoms. | Smallest units of an element.
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| Protons charge and location | Positive, nucleus
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| Neutrons charge and location | Neutral, nucleus
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| Electrons charge and location | Negative, electron cloud
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| Atomic number | Number of protons in the nucleus
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| Ions | Atoms with an electrical charge
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| Molecule | 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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| Describe hydrogen bonds. | Positive hydrogen attracted to something negative
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| Properties of water that make it important in living things | Being a good solvent, being cohesive, moderating temperature, facilitating chemical reactions.
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| Hydrophobic | Water fearing
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| Hydrophilic | Water loving
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| Reactants | Solutes that are changed
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| Products | Results; what you end up with
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| Organic chemistry | All organisms contain carbon
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| Importance of carbon in living organisms | Carbon interacts with other elements to produce more complex molecules that make up all living things
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| acid | more hydrogen ions
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| base | more hydroxide
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| pH scale | acid has a pH lower than 7 base has a pH higher than 7 neutral is 7
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| polymer | large organic molecule
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| monomer | subunits
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| monomer and main functions of carbohydrates. examples... | Major source of energy for cells. Monosaccharide, disaccharides, polysaccharide
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| monomer and main functions of proteins. examples... | structural components of cells, form animal muscle cells, form enzymes, form channels through which substances are transported. hemoglobin, keratin, hormones, collagen
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| function of enzymes. | enzymes accelerate and regulate chemical reactions
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| peptide bonds | covalent bond used to form polypeptides
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| components of lipids | hydrophobic molecules made of hydrocarbons (fatty acid tails)
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| structure and function of each of the three types of lipids | fats: store energy, steroids: helps maintain fluidity of the plasma membrane, phospholipids: glyucerol molecule, two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group
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| monomer of nucleic acid | nucleotide
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| three components of a nucleotide | sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
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| two types of nucleic acids and functions | RNA: For protein synthesis DNA: stores genetic information
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| prokaryotic cells | small and microscopic, simple, no nucleus, no organelles, cell walls.
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| theory of evolution | all life on earth derives from a single common ancestors
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| role of natural selection in diversification | process of gradual changes in characteristics of population over time.
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| eukaryotic cells | larger, single celled or multicellular, complex, genetic material in nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, some have cell walls.
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