Tracts - 2nd lecture exam
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| Function of the fasiculus proprious tract | Coordination for spinal reflexes
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| Fine movement proprioceptive fibers from the pectoral girdle and upper extremity enter the cervical cord and ascend to synapse in the M.O.'s ___? | Accessory cuneate nucleus
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| Which 2 tracts deal with heart, BP and respiratory rates and rythms? They also do what? | Medial and lateral reticulospinal tracts. Alternate pathway is corticospinal tracts are damaged
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| Fiber diameter of corticospinals | 2-25 microns
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| What tract assumes corticospinal function if they are damaged? | Rubrospinal and reticulospinal
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| Dorsal lateral tract of lissauer is located where? | Between lamina 1 and posterior lateral sulcus
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| CNs that enter the spinotrigeminal tract? | 5, 7, 9, 10
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| Input from nucelus gracilis and cuneatus enters the medial lemniscus via what? | Internal arcuate fibers
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| Where does the anterior corticospinal tract terminate? do they cross? | Mid thoracic level and yes, they do cross
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| Corticospinal fibers decrease as the descend. ___ cervical ___thoracic ____ lumbosacral | 55%, 20%, 25%
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| The lateral corticospinal tract contains ___ to ___ % of total corticospinal fibers? | 85-95%
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| Where do lateral corticospinal fibers cross over? Why do they cross? | Pyramids of the medulla oblongata and we don<t know
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| What tract has the longest, uniterupted axon in the body? | Corticospinal
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| Anterior corticopsinal tract has only ___ to ___% of total corticospinal fibers? | 5-15%
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| Which lamina do most of the corticospinal tracts synapse with? From here, they like to go to lamina ___? Then they go out to do their buisness. | 7, 9
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| Function of gracilis and cuneatus tracts? | 1. Discrimatory (2 point) touch 2. Vibratory sensation 3. Kinesthetic senstion
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| Spinothalamic tract : does the DRG enter the tract directly? | No, it synapses first in the gray matter then it enters the tract
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| Spinothalamic tract : Pain and thermal receptors cross over ___ and light touch crosses over ___ | 1. Immediatly 2. Gradually
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| Spinothalamis tract neuron #2 ascends to what? | Thalamus
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| Spinothalamic tract neuro #3 goes to what? | Post central gyrus
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| The spinothalamis tract is found at what cord levels? | All
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| What does the spinothalamis tract do as it ascends? | It enlarges
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| First fibers to be myelinated in the fetus? | Fasiculus proprius
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| Where is the earliest spontaneous movement are integrated here | Fasiculus proprius
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| What is the function of the spinothalamis tract? Lateral portion? Anterior portion? | 1. Pain and thermal 2. Light touch (Lewellen's musquitto)
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| Where is the origin of the anterior spinocerebellar tract? | Lumbosacral cord grey lamina
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| Anterior spinocerebella tract crosses over ___ and again as they enter the ____. | 1. Immediately 2. Cerebellum
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| Anterior spinocerebellar terminates in the ___ via the ____ | Cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle
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| Which tract is the only one that double crosses? | Anterior spinocerebellar
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| Where does the anterior spinocerebellar terminate? | Cerebellum
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| Function of the anterior spinocerebellar tract? | Sends info to the cerebellum regarding gross movements of lower body parts...of what is about to happen
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| Tract that caries fibers up to Clark<s column from the lower extremity? | Gracilis
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| Fibers of the posterior spinocerebellar tract originate from ___ | Clark's column : C8-L3
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| Clark's colum is found from ____ Posterior spinocerebellar tract does not go below ___. | C8-L3 L3
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| Only about ___% of neurons of the corticopsinal tract terminates directly in lamina 9. What are these called? | 3% Betz cells
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| These neurons initiate skilled voluntary movement | Pyramidal neurons
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| These neurons ensure that our movements are smooth and effective | Extrapyramidal neurons
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| Tract functioning in chewing, swallowing, moving the eyes together, and maintains equilibrium | Medial longitudinal fasiculus
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| Describe the spinal trigeminal tract | 1. Pain and heat enter through the CNs to spintrigeminal tract 2. Fibers then synaspe with spinotrigeminal nuclei 3. Fibers then ascend up the ventral trigeminothalmic tract up to the thalamus
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| 85-95% of the 2 million corticopsinal nerve fibers enter the ___ | Lateral corticospinal tract
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| The tectospinal tract originates where? | Superior colliculus of midbrain tectum
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| Does the tectospinal tract cross as it descends? | Yes
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| Is the tectospinal tract pyramidal or extrapyramidal? | Extrapyramidal
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| Function of the tectospinal fibers? | 1. POstural reflex enhancement dealing with sight and auditory stimuli 2. It makes adjustements to the trapezius and SCM to move the head
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| The mdeial lemniscus accepts input from the ____ of the gracilis and cuneatus tracts via what? It terminates in the what? | 1. Oposit side 2. internal arcuate fibers 3. Thalamus
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| From what 2 tracts does the medial lemniscus accept input? | Oposite side of gracilis and cuneatus
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| Spinal trigeminal nucleus receives ___ and ___ reception from the face via which nerves? | 1. Thermal 2. Pain 3. 5,7,9,10
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| Origin of rubrospinal tract? Do fibers cross as they descend? | 1.Red nucleus of midbrain 2. Yes
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| What ais the name of the corticopsinal fibers that synapse with lamina 9? | Betz cells
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| How far down the cord does the vestibulospinal tract run? | All the way down
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| What nucelus does cuneocerebellar tract synapse with? Where is it located? | Accessory cuneate nucelus in the MO
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| Function of the lateral corticospinals? | Initiates precise skilled motor function especially with distal extremities
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| Function of the anterior corticospinals? | Unclear: influences neck and shoulder muscles
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| Vestibulospinal tract originates in vestibular nucleous in ___? do fibers cross? | 1. MO 2. No
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| Tract responsible for the fine proprioceptive movements of pectoral girdle? | Cuneocerebellar tract
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| Tract responsible for fine proproceptive movements from what just happened in muscles themselves. | Posterior spinocerebeallar
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| Tracts responsible for two point touch, vibratory sensations and kinesthetic input | Gracilis and cuneatus
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| Tract dealing with pain and thermal senstions and light touch | Spinothalamic tract
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| DRG enter the cord and ascend via the gracilis tract in the ___ part of the body. Cuneatus enters above ____? Do they cross over when DRG enters tracts? | 1. Lower 2. T6 3. No
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| Gracilis and cuneatus fibers fuse superior to their respective nuclei called the what? | Medial Lemniscus
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| Function of the rubrospinal tract | Muscle tone for contralateral hand and foot musculature
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| Where do fibers from the posterior spinocerebellar tract terminate? | Cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncles
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| Gracilis and cuneatus terminate in the ___ in the ___ and the ___ respectively | 1.MO 2. Nucelus gracilis 3. Nucleus Cuneatus
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| 5 results of lower motor lesions | 1. Hyperflexia 2. Hypotonia 3. Lack of movement 4. Atrophy of muscles 5. Flacid paralysis
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| Tract responsible for gross movement of lower body and what is about to happen? | Anterior spinocerebellar tract
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| 4 results in upper motor neurons | 1. Hypersensitivity 2. Spastic movements 3. Babinbsky 4. Voluntary Paralysis
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| Neurons that originates in spinal cord or brainstem and the extend to the PNS | Lower motor neurons
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| If you have an upper motor lesion what will happen? | Lower moton neurons wiull not be able to be influenced by the UMNs. This will result in uncoordinated movements such as in cerebral palsy
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| What happens during a lower motor neuron lesion? | Little impulse will ever reach the muscle (lack of movement) such as in Polio
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| Function of the spinotrigeminal tract? | Sensation of pain and thermal from the face
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| Fibers of the tectospinal tract terminate where? | Upper 4 cervical cord level
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| Gracilis and cuneatus: After they reach their nuclei, they ascend via the ___? Do they cross over after their nuclei? Where does the second neuron ascend to? Is their a third neuron? Where does it ascend to? | 1.Medial Lemniscus 2. Yes 3. Thalamus 4. Yes, post central gyrus
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| Do fibers of the posterior spinocerebellar cross over? | No, they are ispsilateral
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| Function of the posterior spinocerebellar tract? | Fine proprioceptive input on what just happened in the muscle
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| Proprioceptive fibers dealing with fine movement of the lower extremities may enter the cord below clark's column. What tract carries them up to synapse with clark? | gracilis
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| Function of the vestibulospinal tract | Maintains proper orientation when falling. Postural adjustements of ipsilateral extensor muscles... falling on ice
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| Fibers that leave the acessory cuneate nucleus form the ___? They ascend to the ___ through the ___ same as the ___? | 1. Cuneocerebellar tract 2. Cerebellum 3. Inferior cerebellar 4. Posterior spinocerebellar tract
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| The anterior and lateral corticospinal tacts are motor fibers originating in the ___ downward. | Motor cortex
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| Lesions of the spinothalamic tracts can lead to what? | 1. Analgesia 2. Thermoanesthesia
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| Rubrospinal tract reaches ___ cord levels. What does it influence? | 1. All cord levels 2. Contralateral hand and foot musculature
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| Spinotrigeminal nuclei extends from the ___ through the ___ down to the ____ cord level | 1. Pons 2. MO 3. C1-C4
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| Tracts that are Ispilateral (6) | 1. Gracilis 2. Cuneatus 3. Posterior spinocerebellar 4. Vestibulospinal 5. Medial Reticulospinal 6. Lateral Reticulospinal
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| Tract that are contralateral (6) | 1. Spinothalamic 2. Anterior spniocerebellar 3. Anterior corticospinal 4. Lateral Corticospinal 5. Tectospinal 6. Rubrospinal
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| Cord level of gracilis | All
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| Cord level of cuneatus | T5 or T6 and up
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| Cord level of spinothalamic | All
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| Cord level of anterior spinocerebellar | All
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| Cord level of posterior spinocerebellar | C8 to L3
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| Cord level of cuneocerebellar | C8 and up
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| Cord level of anterior coticospinal | Terminates by T6
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| Cord level of lateral corticospinal | All
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| Cord level of Tectospinal | Terminates in upper 4 cervical levels
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| Cord level of rubrospinal | All
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| Cord level of Vestibulospinal | All
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| Cord level of medial reticulospinal | All
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| Cord level of lateral reticulospinal | All
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| Cord level of fasiculus proprius | All
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| Cord level of the Dorsolateral tract of lissauer | All
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| Which tract may or may not cross over? | Fasiculus proprius
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| Gracilis stops picking up infor around ___ | T6
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| ___ brings info from the lower limbs | Gracilis
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| ___ brings info from the upper limbs | Cuneatus
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| The double crosser! | Anterior spinocerebellar
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| Do for upper limb what clark's nucleus and posterior spinocerebellar do for lower limbs | Cuneocerebellar
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| Carries most of corticospinal fibers | Lateral
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| Influences trap and SCM | Tectospinal
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| If corticopsinals are damaged, it helps out | Rubrospinal and medial + lateral reticulospinal
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| Maintains orientation in falling | Vestibulospinal
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| Spinospinal fibers | Fasiculus proprius
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| Synapses in rexed lamina 2 | Dorsolateral tract of lissauer
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