Biology Chapter 12.1 Terms and Definitions
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| sex chromosomes | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
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| sex-linked trait | an autosomal trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones
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| linked gene | one of a pair of genes that tend to be inherited together
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| chromosome map | a diagram of gene positions on a chromosome
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| map unit | in chromosome mapping, an increment of 1 percent in the frequency of crossing-over
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| germ cell mutation | mutation occurring in gametes
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| somatic cell mutation | a mutation that occurs in a body cell
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| lethal mutation | a mutation that affects the organism so much that it can't survive
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| deletion | the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
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| inversion | a reversal in the order of the genes, or of a chromosome segment within a chromosome
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| translocation | the movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment
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| nondisjunction | the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis 1 or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II
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| point mutation | a mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed
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| substitution | a mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide
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| frameshift mutation | a mutation, such as the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a coding sequence that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame
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| insertion mutation | a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene
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