Ch. 20 burns
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| ~ _____% of all civillian fire related deaths occur in residential constructions | 82%
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| Who is at particularly high risk of dying in fires | children younger then 5 and alderly people
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| the skin is also known as what | The integument system
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| what is the largest and one of the most complex organs of the body | the skin
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| the epidermis itself is made up of how many layers | 4
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| When the outermost layer of dead cells shed from the skin, is referred to as | desquamation
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| what blood vessels serve a crucial role in regulating body temperature by regulating the volume of blood that flows from the core to the surface | Cutaneous blood vessels
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| what is the average volume of sweat lost in a 24 hour period of normal conditions | 500-1000cc
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| Closely monitoring what in burn patients may indicate airway burns | nasal hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes
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| at the neck of each hair follicle is a subacious gland that produces what | sebum
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| sebum is believed to do what | keep the skin supple so it doesn't dry out and crack
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| when sebaceous glands become block a hard ______ forms | comedo
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| occular damage is a common result of ______ injury. | alkali
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| the ______ the ______ of the substance the more severe the damage to the eye | higher, base
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| What burn is sometimes called trauma by fire | thermal burn
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| Most commonly a thermal burn is caused open flame, resulting in what kind of burn | flame burn
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| hot liquids produce what type of burn | scald burn
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| ~ how many scald burns result anually form spilled food and beverages. | 100,000
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| Coming in contact with hot objects causes what type of burn | contact burn
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| what type of burn can produce a topical burn | steam burn
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| what is notorious for causing airway burns | steam
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| Inhalation of hot gases may cause what | supraglottic
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| A flash burn is caused by what | the flash of an explosion
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| burn shock occurs because of 2 types of injuries, what are they | fluid loss across damaged skin, and a series of volume shifts within the rest of the body
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| application of what may help to reduce some minor edema in airway burns | cool mist
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| Heat inhilation may produce what | laryngospasm, and bronchospasm in the lower airway
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| What should be considered whenever a group of people in the same place all complain of nausea, or ha | carbon monoxide poisoning
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| CO binds to the receptor sites of hemaglobin how many more times then O2 | 250
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| There are 6 different kinds of chemical burns. What are they | reduction, oxidation, corrosion, protoplasmic poisons, desecration, and vesication
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| in a reduction chemical burn, what happens | protein denaturation following exposure to a reducing agent
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| in a Oxidation chemical burn, what happens | a chemical inserts oxygen, sulfur or a halagon
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| in a Corrosion chemical burn, what happens | Chemicals corrode the skin and cause protein denaturation
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| in a Protoplasmic poison chemical burn, what happens | chemicals that form esters with proteins or that bind or inhibit the inorganic ions needed for the bodys normal functions
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| in a Desecration chemical burn, what happens | Desiccants that damage the body by extracting water from tissues
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| in a vesication chemical burn, what happens | Vesicants rapidly produce cutaneous blisters and typically are referred to as chemical warfar agents
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| Their are three different classifications for electrical burns. Define each | The most common is the type I and is a contact burn. The type II is an arch burn caused by a flash. The third is a flame burn caused by electricity ignighting a persons clothing or surroundings
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| What are the two most common causes of death from electrical injury | Asphyxia, and cardia arrest
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| When might asphyxia occur during an electrical injury | when prolonged contact induces tetanic contractions of the respiratory muscles, or the shock wipes out the respiratory center in the brain
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| Severe tetanic muscle spasms can cause what | bone fractures
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| What are the 2 common cardiac dysrrhythmias from electrical injuries | a-fib and a-flutter
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| Lightnings energy can reach how many volts and amps | 100 million volts and 200,000 amps
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| In radiation their are 3 different types, name them | alpha, betta, and gamma
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| With alpha radiation what will stop the wave | the skin
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| in betta radiation what will stop the wave | the proper protective clothing
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| gamma radiation will be stopped by what | nothing. it easily passes through the skin and solid objects
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| Mild radiation sickness can be expected with exposures of what | 1-2 Gy
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| Moderate radiation sickness can be expected with exposures of what | 2-5 Gy
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| What radiation amount can be immediately fatal | 8 GY
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| What can cause hematologic, CNS, and GI changes | acute radiation syndrome
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| A surgical cut through burned tissue to allow for swelling and advanced fluid management is referred to as | escharotomy
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| If bits of smoldering cloth adhere to the skin, what should you do | not pull it off, but instead cut it away
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| Combative patients suspected of burns should be considered what untill proven otherwise | HYPOXIC
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| Anyone suspected of having a burn to the upper airway may benefit from | hummidified, cool oxygen
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| burn shock typically occurs how long after the burn | 6-8 HOURS
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| the central area of the skin that suffers the most damage from a burn is called | zone of coagulation
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| the peripheral area surrounding the zone of coagulation is known as what | zone of stasis
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| the area that is least affected by the burn is known as | zone of hyperemia
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| a 1st degree burn is a _______ and involves | superficial burn, the epidermis only.
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| a 2nd degree burn is a ________ and involves | partial thickness burn, the epidermis and varying degrees of the dermis
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| a 3rd degree burn is a ________ and involves | full thickness burn, envolves both layers and the basement membrane
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| WHat should you check and document in burned extremities often | distal pulses
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| what is the parkland formula | 4MLxKGx% of body surface burned
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| In the perkland formula how much of that should be given in the first 8 hours | HALF
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| why should you never apply ice to a burn | it can exacerbate the tissue injury
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| a burned extremity should have what done to minimize edema | elevate
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| alkali burns caused by lime become what when combined with water | become very corrosive
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| what type of burn should be covered with oil | a sodium metal burn, because when mixed with water produce considerable heat and may explode
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| Hydrofloric acid burns that exceed ___ - ____ % of the body can be fatal | 3-5%
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| what is the fifth leading cause of death in the work place | electrocution
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| when voltage is low current follows what | pathe of least resistance
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| when voltage is high current follows | the shortest path
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| AC or DC current is most likely to induce V-fib | AC
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| radiation injury follows what | the inverse square law
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| the reliable waking rate in children less then 15 may be as low as | 6%
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| why might children, and elderly suffering from burns require glucose | they have poor glycogen stores
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| ~ ______ older adults die of fire related causes each year, making it the ____ leading cause of death in this population | 1200, 6th
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| In elderly patients being treated for burn injuries should be monitored for what during fluid resuscitation | pulmonary edema
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| People with major burn injuries average how many days in the hospital for how much TBSA burned | 1 day for 1% TBSA
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Created by:
klindley
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