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Caroline
Ch. 20 burns
Question | Answer |
---|---|
~ _____% of all civillian fire related deaths occur in residential constructions | 82% |
Who is at particularly high risk of dying in fires | children younger then 5 and alderly people |
the skin is also known as what | The integument system |
what is the largest and one of the most complex organs of the body | the skin |
the epidermis itself is made up of how many layers | 4 |
When the outermost layer of dead cells shed from the skin, is referred to as | desquamation |
what blood vessels serve a crucial role in regulating body temperature by regulating the volume of blood that flows from the core to the surface | Cutaneous blood vessels |
what is the average volume of sweat lost in a 24 hour period of normal conditions | 500-1000cc |
Closely monitoring what in burn patients may indicate airway burns | nasal hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes |
at the neck of each hair follicle is a subacious gland that produces what | sebum |
sebum is believed to do what | keep the skin supple so it doesn't dry out and crack |
when sebaceous glands become block a hard ______ forms | comedo |
occular damage is a common result of ______ injury. | alkali |
the ______ the ______ of the substance the more severe the damage to the eye | higher, base |
What burn is sometimes called trauma by fire | thermal burn |
Most commonly a thermal burn is caused open flame, resulting in what kind of burn | flame burn |
hot liquids produce what type of burn | scald burn |
~ how many scald burns result anually form spilled food and beverages. | 100,000 |
Coming in contact with hot objects causes what type of burn | contact burn |
what type of burn can produce a topical burn | steam burn |
what is notorious for causing airway burns | steam |
Inhalation of hot gases may cause what | supraglottic |
A flash burn is caused by what | the flash of an explosion |
burn shock occurs because of 2 types of injuries, what are they | fluid loss across damaged skin, and a series of volume shifts within the rest of the body |
application of what may help to reduce some minor edema in airway burns | cool mist |
Heat inhilation may produce what | laryngospasm, and bronchospasm in the lower airway |
What should be considered whenever a group of people in the same place all complain of nausea, or ha | carbon monoxide poisoning |
CO binds to the receptor sites of hemaglobin how many more times then O2 | 250 |
There are 6 different kinds of chemical burns. What are they | reduction, oxidation, corrosion, protoplasmic poisons, desecration, and vesication |
in a reduction chemical burn, what happens | protein denaturation following exposure to a reducing agent |
in a Oxidation chemical burn, what happens | a chemical inserts oxygen, sulfur or a halagon |
in a Corrosion chemical burn, what happens | Chemicals corrode the skin and cause protein denaturation |
in a Protoplasmic poison chemical burn, what happens | chemicals that form esters with proteins or that bind or inhibit the inorganic ions needed for the bodys normal functions |
in a Desecration chemical burn, what happens | Desiccants that damage the body by extracting water from tissues |
in a vesication chemical burn, what happens | Vesicants rapidly produce cutaneous blisters and typically are referred to as chemical warfar agents |
Their are three different classifications for electrical burns. Define each | The most common is the type I and is a contact burn. The type II is an arch burn caused by a flash. The third is a flame burn caused by electricity ignighting a persons clothing or surroundings |
What are the two most common causes of death from electrical injury | Asphyxia, and cardia arrest |
When might asphyxia occur during an electrical injury | when prolonged contact induces tetanic contractions of the respiratory muscles, or the shock wipes out the respiratory center in the brain |
Severe tetanic muscle spasms can cause what | bone fractures |
What are the 2 common cardiac dysrrhythmias from electrical injuries | a-fib and a-flutter |
Lightnings energy can reach how many volts and amps | 100 million volts and 200,000 amps |
In radiation their are 3 different types, name them | alpha, betta, and gamma |
With alpha radiation what will stop the wave | the skin |
in betta radiation what will stop the wave | the proper protective clothing |
gamma radiation will be stopped by what | nothing. it easily passes through the skin and solid objects |
Mild radiation sickness can be expected with exposures of what | 1-2 Gy |
Moderate radiation sickness can be expected with exposures of what | 2-5 Gy |
What radiation amount can be immediately fatal | 8 GY |
What can cause hematologic, CNS, and GI changes | acute radiation syndrome |
A surgical cut through burned tissue to allow for swelling and advanced fluid management is referred to as | escharotomy |
If bits of smoldering cloth adhere to the skin, what should you do | not pull it off, but instead cut it away |
Combative patients suspected of burns should be considered what untill proven otherwise | HYPOXIC |
Anyone suspected of having a burn to the upper airway may benefit from | hummidified, cool oxygen |
burn shock typically occurs how long after the burn | 6-8 HOURS |
the central area of the skin that suffers the most damage from a burn is called | zone of coagulation |
the peripheral area surrounding the zone of coagulation is known as what | zone of stasis |
the area that is least affected by the burn is known as | zone of hyperemia |
a 1st degree burn is a _______ and involves | superficial burn, the epidermis only. |
a 2nd degree burn is a ________ and involves | partial thickness burn, the epidermis and varying degrees of the dermis |
a 3rd degree burn is a ________ and involves | full thickness burn, envolves both layers and the basement membrane |
WHat should you check and document in burned extremities often | distal pulses |
what is the parkland formula | 4MLxKGx% of body surface burned |
In the perkland formula how much of that should be given in the first 8 hours | HALF |
why should you never apply ice to a burn | it can exacerbate the tissue injury |
a burned extremity should have what done to minimize edema | elevate |
alkali burns caused by lime become what when combined with water | become very corrosive |
what type of burn should be covered with oil | a sodium metal burn, because when mixed with water produce considerable heat and may explode |
Hydrofloric acid burns that exceed ___ - ____ % of the body can be fatal | 3-5% |
what is the fifth leading cause of death in the work place | electrocution |
when voltage is low current follows what | pathe of least resistance |
when voltage is high current follows | the shortest path |
AC or DC current is most likely to induce V-fib | AC |
radiation injury follows what | the inverse square law |
the reliable waking rate in children less then 15 may be as low as | 6% |
why might children, and elderly suffering from burns require glucose | they have poor glycogen stores |
~ ______ older adults die of fire related causes each year, making it the ____ leading cause of death in this population | 1200, 6th |
In elderly patients being treated for burn injuries should be monitored for what during fluid resuscitation | pulmonary edema |
People with major burn injuries average how many days in the hospital for how much TBSA burned | 1 day for 1% TBSA |