Genetics, DNA, Cells
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| The passing of traits from parents to offspring | heredity
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| The study of inheritance | genetics
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| A unit of genetic material that determines a trait | gene
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| Strong form of a gene, which is expressed even if a recessive gene is present | dominant
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| the weak form of a gene, which is not expressed when the dominant form is also present | recessive
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| A trait that an organism actually shows (what you see) | phenotype
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| Gene combination that determines phenotype | genotype
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| A genotype which is a combination of two different alleles for the same gene (Xx or Bb) | hybrid
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| Cell division that produces gametes or spores having one set of unpaired chromosomes | meiosis
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| The copying process in which new DNA is created | replication
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| A change in the DNA or chromosomes; can occur in body cells and sex cells | mutation
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| What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype? | Genotype is the inner heredity that holds genetic code and phenotype are the traits on the outside/what you can see
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| In a Genotype of Cc and cc, where C is Curly and c is straight. What would be dominant and what would be recessive if the punnet square were Cc, Cc, cc, cc? | Curly dominant, Straight recessive
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| If you cross a male with brown eyes and a female with blue eyes what is the possible percentage the children would have blue eyes? | 50%
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| When someone has one dominant gene and one recessive gene for a certain trait, they are said to be __________ | hybrid
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| What gene is always expressed? | Heterozygous
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| What gene is only expressed when it is paired with another gene identical to itself? | Homozygous
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| Who was Mendel? | Scientist who created the Punnet Square
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| What does purebred mean (homozygous) | Two of the same form of the gene; one from mom and one from dad
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| What a might a homozygous gene look like? | TT, tt
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| What does hybrid mean (heterozygous)? | Two different forms of a gene, the one from and from dad are DIFFERENT
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| What might a heterozygous gene look like? | Dd
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| What are 2 differences between meiosis and mitosis? | Mitosis makes two daughter cells and meiosis makes 4 daughter cells
Meiosis has half the number of chromosomes as parent and mitosis has the same
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| What are 2 more differences between meiosis and mitosis? | Meiosis' purpose is sex cells and mitosis' purpose is to grow and/or replace cells
Mitosis' daughter cells are identical to parent and meiosis' daughter cells are different from parent cells
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| What is the difference between acquired and inherited traits? | Inherited traits get passed down from generation to generation
in genetic material (eye color, hair color)
Acquired traits are traits that develop after birth (talents, instincts)
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| How many alleles (gene variations) doe each complete gene contain? | 4 (2 from each parent)
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| How many alleles get passed on to the offspring (for each gene)? | 2
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| What are the 3 major rules of Mendelian Inheritance? | Inherited traits are determined by genes and passed down from parent to children
A child has a gene set from mom and one from dad
A trait may not be observable but it's gene can be passed to the next generation
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| What is a double helix? | a basic structure of a DNA molecule
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| What the 4 letters in the DNA alphabet | A, T, C, G
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| How do the DNA letters pair up? | C goes with G and A goes with T
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| What did Watson and Crick do? | First to develop an accurate model of DNA
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| What did Franklin do? | Created images of the DNA molecule using xray diffraction
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| Why is DNA important? | It gives the body instructions on how to run (function)
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| Where is it found? | In the nucleus
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