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The basic unit of body structure is the | Cell
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Each cell has the same | Basic structure
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To live and function cells need | Food, water, oxygen
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Which part of the cell directs the cell's activities? | Nucleus
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Where is the nucleus located? | At the center of the cell
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How many chromosomes are in each cell | 46
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Which controls inherited traits? | Gene
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The process of cell division is called | Mitosis
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Groups of cell with similar functions are | Tissue
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Allows the body to move by stretching and contracting | Muscle tissue
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Groups of tissues with the same function form | Organs
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Systems are | Groups of organs that work together to perform special functions.
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is the largest body system | Integumentary
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is the outer layer of skin | Epidermis
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gives the skin its color | Pigments.
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Where are blood vessels, nerves, sweat and oil glands, and hair roots found? | Dermis
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helps the body regulate temperature. | Sweat glands
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helps keep the hair and skin soft and shiny. | Oil glands
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What are the functions of the skin? | Prevents excessive amounts of water from leaving the body.
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The musculoskeletal system does what? | Allows the body to move.
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bones bear the body's weight. | Long
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Which part of the bone contains blood vessels that supply bone cells with oxygen? | Periosteum
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Blood cells are manufactured in the | bone marrow.
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The point at which two or more bones meet is | joints.
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Bones are held together at a joint by | ligaments.
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allow movement | Joints
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The hips and shoulders are_______ joints | ball and socket
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What are voluntary muscles? | arms and legs muscles
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What are fuctions of the muscles? | Maintain posture.
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Muscles are connected to bone by | tendons.
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The connective tissue at the end of long bones is called | Cartilage
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What are the main parts of the brain? | Brainstem.
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Thoughts and intellegence are centered in the | Cerebrum
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Damage to the cerebral cortex can affect | Reasoning
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Regulates and coordinates body movements | Cerebellum
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The brainstem conatains what structures | Pons
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Heart rate, breathing, and blood vessel size are controlled by the | Medulla
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Swallowing, coughing, and vomiting are controlled by the | Medulla
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Pathways that conduct messages to and from the brain are contained in the | Spinal cord
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The spinal cord is about____ inches long. | 18
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The cerebrospinal fluid protects the | brain and spinal cord.
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The peripheral nervous system consist of | cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
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The sympathetic nervous system_____ body fuctions. | speeds up
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Which system is stimulated when you are excited, exercising, or scared? | The sympathetic nervous system
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The white of the eye is the | Sclera
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The opening in the middle of the iris is the | Pupil
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In bright light, pupil size | decreases
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Nerve fibers for vision are found in the | retina
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Light enters the eye through the | cornea
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Besides hearing another ear fuction is | balance
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The waxy substance secreated by glands in the ear is | Cereumen
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Which seperates the external ear and middle ear? | tympanic membrane
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The tympanic membrane is also called the | ear drum
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carries messages to the brain. | Acoustic nerve
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The circulatory system does what? | Carries food and water to the cells
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The circulatory system pumps | Blood
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The liquid part of the blood is | plasma
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gives red blood their color. | Hemoglobin
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Red blood are bright red when they are saturated with | oxygen.
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Red blood cell, white blood cells, and platelets are produced by | bone marrow.
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White blood cells | Protect the body against infections.
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is the muscular part of the heart | Myocardium
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Which heart chamber receives blood from body tissues? | Right atrium.
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Which heart chamber pumps blood to all parts of the body? | Left ventricle.
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is the working phase of the heart. | Systole
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carries blood away from the heart. | Arteries
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is the largest artery. | Aorta
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Which vessels are involved in passing food and oxygen to the cells? | Capillaries.
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Which vessels carry blood back to the heart | Veins
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Which carries blood to the legs and trunk back to the heart? | Inferior vena cava
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The process of supplying the cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them is | respiration.
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Inspiration involves | breathing in.
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Normally air enters the body through the | nose.
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Another word for trachea is | windpipe.
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged | between the aveoli and capillaries.
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seperates the lungs from the abdominal cavity | Diaphragm
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After passing the trachea air enters the | right bronchus and left bronchus.
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Each lung is covered by a sac called the | pleura.
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What are the three parts to the framework that protects the lungs? | Vertebrae
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The process of breaking food down physically and chemically for absorption and use by the body is | disgestion.
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The digestive system | removes solid waste from the body.
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What are the parts of the digestive system? | Mouth,anus and colon.
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The duodenum is a part of the | small intestine.
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The colon is a part of the | large intestine.
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Digestion begins in the | mouth.
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Saliva is secreated in the salivary glands in the | mouth.
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What is the function of saliva? | Moistens food particles for easy swallowing.
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Which secreation starts digestion? | Saliva.
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During swallowing the tongue pushes food into the | pharynx.
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Food is moved through the esophagus by | peristalsis.
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The stomach is located in the_____ of the abdominal cavity. | upper left part
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What is the stomach's function in digestion? | Stirs and churns food to break it up into small particles.
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Chyme is produced in the | stomach.
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Bile is a greenish liquid produced by the | liver.
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Bile is stored in the | gallbladder.
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Chyme moves through the small and large intestines by | peristalsis.
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Most food absorption occurs in the | small intestine.
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The large intestine is also called the | colon.
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Most of the water is absorbed by chyme in the | large intestine.
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After water is absorbed from chyme, the remaining semi-solid material is called | feces.
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The waste product of digestion is pass out of rhe body through the | anus.
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The urinary system | Removes waste products from the blood .
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The_____ system maintains the bodys water balance. | Urinary
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The_____ system includes the urethra. | Urinary
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Urine is formed in the | nephrons.
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Urine is stored in the | bladder.
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The opening at the end of the urethra is the | meatus.
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The female sex glands are | ovaries.
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Sperm cells are formed in the | testes.
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The male hormone is | testosterone.
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What fluid carries sperm? | Semen.
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Sperm cells leave the body through | urethra.
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The penis contains the | urethra.
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Which part of the male reproductive system enters the female vagina? | Penis.
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Female sex cells are called | ova.
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During the reproductive years, female sex cell are released | monthly.
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The process of releasing a female sex cell is | ovulation.
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The female sex gland secreate | estrogen and progesterone.
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Where does a fertilized sex cell grow during pregnancy? | Uterus.
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Which part of the female reproductive system opens to the outside of the body? | Vagina.
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External genitalia in the female are the | vulva.
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The labia majora and the labia minora | are folds of tissue on each side of the vagina
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Menstruation normally occurs | every 28 days.
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During menstruation | the endometrium is discharged from the body.
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Mentrual flow usually last | 3-7 days.
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Menstual flow is | bloody.
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The master gland of the body is the | pituitary gland.
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Growth hormone is secreted by the____ gland | pituitary.
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Which hormone regulates metabolism | thyroid.
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Too little thyroid hormone results in | slowed body processes.
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The adrenal glands are located | on top of each kidney.
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The adrenal glands secrete | epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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______ increases heart rate, blood pressure and energy. | Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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The pancreas secretes | insulin.
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Which hormone controls the amount of sugar in the blood? | Insulin.
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The_____ system functions to protect the body against disease and infection. | immune
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A person has protection from a disease or condition. This is | immunity.
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An abnormal or unwanted substance is | an antigen.
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______ produces antibodies. | Lymphocytes
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