Biology Exam #1
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| What is the difference between and a base? | Acid is anything 0-6 on the pH scale and a base is anything 7-14
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| What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? | inductive reasoning- having specific facts coming to a general conclusion
deductive reasoning- having general facts coming to a specific conclusion
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| What are the attributes of life? | exhibits movement, achieves growth, reproduces, comes from similar preexisting life, has similar chemical makeup, is composed of cells, responds to stimuli, and requires energy
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| What is the difference between physical change and chemical change? | physical change- when its form change but its chemical makeup is the same
chemical change- when its chemical makeup is change (i.e. burning wood)
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| What are the 3 types of bonds? | Ionic, Peptide, and Hydrogen
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| What is Hydrogen bonding? | a weak bond between 1 hydrogen and either 1 nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine bond. prominent in water
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| What is Ionic bonding? | a bond between a positive and negative charge
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| What is Peptide bonding? | a covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive amino acid monomers along a peptide or protein chain.
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| What is glucose? | a simple 6 carbon sugar
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| What are enzymes? | a protein molecule that is produced by living cells to catalyse a specific reaction
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| What do enzymes do? | speed up reactions, tear things down, build things up
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| What are enzymes made up of? | amino acids
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| What is a sterol? | a lipid composed of a carbon backbone with 4 carbon rings and a side chain of carbon atoms
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| What do sterols do? | causes a reaction in your body to start growing
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| What are sterols made up of? | lipids
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| What is Ribose? | a sugar in RNA and Glucose
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| What do Ribose do? | naturally occurring sugar from glucose
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| What are Ribose made up of? | 5 carbon simple sugar
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| What is the difference between mono and disaccharide? | mono- a simple sugar
disaccharide- a sugar composed of 2 monosaccharides
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| What do amino groups make up? | amino acids
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| What do amino acids make up? | proteins
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| How many amino acids are there? | 20
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| What is the basic unit of inheritance? | genes
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| What is a monomer? | a molecule that consist of 1 unit and can combine to make more complex things
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| What is the basic unit for proteins? | amino acids
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| What is the difference between RNA and DNA? | RNA has 1 strand of hydrogen bonds DNA has 2
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| What are the 3 different types of RNA? | mRNA tRNA and rRNA
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| What microscope allows you to see in 3D? | Scanning electron microscope
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| what is the difference between scanning tunnelling microscope and transmission electron microscope? | SEM lets you see in 3d TEM lets you see 2d TEM transmits electrons on the object SEM scans the object
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| What is cell fraction? | a process to separate different parts of the cell to study a specific organelle
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| What does the smooth er do? | produce sterols and break down toxins
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| What does the Golgi apparatus do? | prepares substances to be recreated by cells
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| What does the cytoskeleton do? | provides structure for the cell
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| What does cilia do? | provide locomotion or move substances over the surface of the cell
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| What does flagellum do? | provide locomotion or move substances over the surface of the cell
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| What do lysosomes do? | breaks down ingested substances, old organelles, and cytoplasmic molecules
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| What does rough er do? | produces proteins
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| What does the mitochondria do? | transforms energy stored into sugars and usable energy
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| What is the difference between saturated and non saturated fat? | non saturated fats are liquid are room temperature and saturated fats are solid at room temperature
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| What are examples are saturated and unsaturated fat? | Saturated-butter
Unsaturated-natural peanut butter
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| What is Gap junctions? | The space between cels; use for communication
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| What are the 3 types of tonics? | Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic
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| What is hypotonic? | net movement of water in the cell
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| What is hypertonic? | net movement of water out side of the cell
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| What is isotonic? | no net movement of water
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| What is the phases of interphase? | G1, Phase and G2 phase
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| What phase do cells spend most of their time in? | Interphase
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| What is cytokinesis? | the cytoplasmic division of a cell in mitosis/meiosis
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| What happens to the light reaction during photosynthesis? | the light dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP into the energy carriers ATP by NADH
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| What are the products of photosynthesis? | glucose (C6H12O6) and 6 oxygen
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| What organisms do photosynthesis? | plants, algae,
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| What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? | autotrophs make their own food to gain energy
heterotrophs eat autotrophs to gain energy
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| What does the chloroplast do? | Reflect green light, and photosynthesis occurs.
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| What is the stomata? | the wholes on the bottom of the leaf that allows it to do gas exchange
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| What is sub strait level phosphorylation? | ATP is made in the Kreb's cycle
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| What is oxidative phosphorylation? | ATP is made in the ETC cycle
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| What is photo phosphorylation? | ATP is made in photosynthesis
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| What does the light dependent phase use to create ATP? | Photons of light
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| What does the energy come for photosynthesis? | light energy
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| What does the energy come from in the light independent phase? | From the light in the light dependent phase
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| What is in the nucleus of an atom? | Protons and Neutrons
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| What make up tissues? | cells
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| What Community vs Ecosystem? | Ecosystem- all the living and non living parts
Community- all the living thing
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| What is biology? | The study of life
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| What is the solute vs solvent? | Solute- the thing that is dissolving the object
Solvent- the thing being dissolved
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| Where do acids and base make? | water and salt
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| Do all plants do photosynthesis? | Yes
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| What reactants of photosynthesis? | CO2 and water
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| What do hormones do? | they trigger a response in the body
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| How many total chromosomes are in the body? | 46
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| What types of respiration do glycolysis? | CAR, Alcohol fermentation, and Lactic Acid
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| What do plants do? | CAR and photosynthesis
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| What do the ETC go through? | multiple proteins
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| What hydrolysis? | using water to split molecules
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| What is dehydration? | taking water out to bring molecules together
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| What do our body use ATP for? | energy
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| What is a catalyst? | an enzyme that speeds up a chemical reaction?
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| Which types of respiration does glycolysis? | all of them
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| What does glucose break down to in Glycolysis? | Puruvate
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| How much ATP is made in each phase? | Glycolysis and Kreb's cycle 2 each
ETC 32
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