bio 104 final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| overuse of antibiotics: | drug resisting bacteria (already have mutations)
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| gene expression | making a protein and its function
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| genetic drift | random event that changes allele frequency (Ex: massive natural disaster)
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| allopatric speciation | different and geographically isolated
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| adaptive radiation | end up with many species coming from one main species (Ex: finches)
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| interphase | between cytokinesis and beginning of mitosis
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| codons | 3 nucleotides in a genetic code
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| mitosis | ends up with the exact number of chromosomes it started with
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| meiosis | ends up with half the number of chromosomes it started with
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| caspasses | enzyme that brings about apoptosis (need signals to trigger them)
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| transcriptional control | the most critical level of eukaryotic genetic control
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| post translational control | level of primary control in eukaryotic gene activity involves changes in the polypeptide chain before it becomes functional
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| post transcriptional control | a form of gene regulation that occurs while RNA is still in the nucleus
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| transposons | "jumping genes" (like the ALU insert) have the ability to move within and between chromosomes
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| transcription factors | a change in a regulatory gene can turn genes on and off
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| germ line mutations | damage in sex cells that is going to be passed on to the next generation
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| chromatin | level of control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells is involved when genes are turned off for good
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| differentiated cells | will never divide again. they become specialized and go on to do their function
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| gametes produced by females | 1 egg
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| gametes produced by males | 4 sperm= more variety
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| homologous chromosomes | same length and centromere in the same location (alleles are what is different)
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| binary fission differs from mitosis because | no nucleus and no spindle
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| DNA repair enzyme complexes | look for mistakes and begin to repair DNA
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| the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication | you split apart the old and you add a new half to each
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| exons | section of the pre-mrna contains the protein coding regions
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| incomplete dominance | gene dosage (Ex: pink flower)
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| mitosis | growth, repair, and reproduction for asexually reproducing organisms
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| overal function of meiosis | makes gametes
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| metaphase 1 of meiosis or meiosis 1 | synapse homologous chromosomes arranged along the equator
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| transitional control | the level of genetic control that involves the life span of the mRNA molecule and the ability of the mRNA to bind to ribosomes
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| post transcriptional | the level of genetic control that involves the processing of early rna transcripts to mrna and the rate at which mrna leaves the nucleus
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| post translational | level of primary control in eukaryotic gene activity involves changes in the polypeptide chain before it becomes functional
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| telomerase | lengthens the telomere
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| poly A tail | stop it from degrading and helps it exit the nucleus
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| Barr body | (only female) X chromosome gets turned off and is very tightly coiled
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| apoptosis | pre-programmed cell death
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| lethal genes | deadly, inbreeding increases this, and they are a recessive genes. A heterozygote can have it and not die
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| analogous structures | same use/function but different look (Ex: butterfly and bat wing)
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