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bio 104 final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| overuse of antibiotics: | drug resisting bacteria (already have mutations) |
| gene expression | making a protein and its function |
| genetic drift | random event that changes allele frequency (Ex: massive natural disaster) |
| allopatric speciation | different and geographically isolated |
| adaptive radiation | end up with many species coming from one main species (Ex: finches) |
| interphase | between cytokinesis and beginning of mitosis |
| codons | 3 nucleotides in a genetic code |
| mitosis | ends up with the exact number of chromosomes it started with |
| meiosis | ends up with half the number of chromosomes it started with |
| caspasses | enzyme that brings about apoptosis (need signals to trigger them) |
| transcriptional control | the most critical level of eukaryotic genetic control |
| post translational control | level of primary control in eukaryotic gene activity involves changes in the polypeptide chain before it becomes functional |
| post transcriptional control | a form of gene regulation that occurs while RNA is still in the nucleus |
| transposons | "jumping genes" (like the ALU insert) have the ability to move within and between chromosomes |
| transcription factors | a change in a regulatory gene can turn genes on and off |
| germ line mutations | damage in sex cells that is going to be passed on to the next generation |
| chromatin | level of control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells is involved when genes are turned off for good |
| differentiated cells | will never divide again. they become specialized and go on to do their function |
| gametes produced by females | 1 egg |
| gametes produced by males | 4 sperm= more variety |
| homologous chromosomes | same length and centromere in the same location (alleles are what is different) |
| binary fission differs from mitosis because | no nucleus and no spindle |
| DNA repair enzyme complexes | look for mistakes and begin to repair DNA |
| the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication | you split apart the old and you add a new half to each |
| exons | section of the pre-mrna contains the protein coding regions |
| incomplete dominance | gene dosage (Ex: pink flower) |
| mitosis | growth, repair, and reproduction for asexually reproducing organisms |
| overal function of meiosis | makes gametes |
| metaphase 1 of meiosis or meiosis 1 | synapse homologous chromosomes arranged along the equator |
| transitional control | the level of genetic control that involves the life span of the mRNA molecule and the ability of the mRNA to bind to ribosomes |
| post transcriptional | the level of genetic control that involves the processing of early rna transcripts to mrna and the rate at which mrna leaves the nucleus |
| post translational | level of primary control in eukaryotic gene activity involves changes in the polypeptide chain before it becomes functional |
| telomerase | lengthens the telomere |
| poly A tail | stop it from degrading and helps it exit the nucleus |
| Barr body | (only female) X chromosome gets turned off and is very tightly coiled |
| apoptosis | pre-programmed cell death |
| lethal genes | deadly, inbreeding increases this, and they are a recessive genes. A heterozygote can have it and not die |
| analogous structures | same use/function but different look (Ex: butterfly and bat wing) |
Created by:
han.banan14
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