Biology Midterm
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are proteins polymers of? | amino acids
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| What type of chemical reaction connecst monomers together to make polymers? | dehydration
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| What is the role of enzymes in cells? | they speed up the chemical reactions neccessary for life
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| How do enzymes perform their job? | they lower the activation energy of the process they catalyze
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| What is the name of the protein that carries oxygen in the blood? | hemoglobin
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| What are the reactants in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction called? | substrates
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| What two things affect the activity of an enzyme? | temperature and pH
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| What is the name of the cellular structure that makes proteins? | ribsomes
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| What is the name of the site on an enzyme to which reactants bind? | active site
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| What type of bond connects water moelcules to each other? | hydrogen bond
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| What type of bond connects atoms to each other within a single water molecule? | covalent bond
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| What word describes the bonding of water molecules to other water molecules? | cohesion
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| What word describes the bonding of water molecules to substances other than water? | adhesion
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| Consider a beaker with a solution of salt dissolved in water. What component of the solution is the salt? | solute
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| Consider a beaker with a solution of salt dissolved in water. What component of the solution is the water? | solvent
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| An acid is a substance that ________ the concentration of _______ of a solution. | raises; hydrogen ions
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| What term describes chemicals that stabilize the pH of a solution? | buffers
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| How many bonds can one water molecule make to other water molecules at the same time? | 4
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| Why can some insects stand on the surface of the water? | because water is cohesive and creates surface tension
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| What is transipiration? | the process that releases water vapor from plants
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| If transpiration stopped completely, what would be the first effect on the plant? | water molecules would not be released from leaves
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| Why does ice float? | because it's less dense than water and it's preventing the body of water from freezing solid
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| What is the range of acidic pH? | 0-6
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| What is the range of basic pH? | 8-14
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| What is neutral pH? | 7
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| What is the scientific term for a substance that attracts water molecules? | hydrophilic
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| What is the scientific term for a substance that does not attract water molecules? | hydrophobic
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| What is the smallest thing that contains all the feaures of life? | cell
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| What is homeostasis? | mechanisms that maintain a core body temperature within a very narrow range
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| The genes of all cells are made out of what? | DNA
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| What is a hypothesis? | a possible explanation put into testable statement
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| What is the name for the group that a scientist compares the experimental group to? | control group
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| What word refers to all the chemical reactions that go on inside a living organism? | metabolism
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| Name the 3 things a plant cell has that an animal cell doesn't. | cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole
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| Name 4 things an animal cell has that a plant cell doesn't. | lysosomes, flagella, cholesterol, centrioles
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| Name 8 things both an animals cell and a plant cell have. | cell membrane, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, golgi body, mitochondria, nucleus, and ribosomes
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| What is the function of the cell membrane? | separates the inside of the cell from the outside and helps cells sense an outside environment
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| What is the function of the cytoplasm? | - in prokaryotes, it's everything inside the cell membrane
- in eukaryotes, it's everything inside the cell membrane except the nucleus
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| What is the function of the nucleus? | contains most of the cell's DNA and it's the "brain" or "control center"
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| What is the function of the cell wall? | provides structural support and keeps osmosis
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| What is the function of the large vacuole? | storage
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| What is the function of the Mitochondria? | cellular respiration
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| What is the function of the rough ER? | helps fold and transport proteins
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| What is the function of the smooth ER? | makes and transports lipids
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| What is the function of the chroloplast? | photosynthesis
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