Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Who is Thomas Hunt Morgan? | geneticist that experimented with the color of fruit fly eyes
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| Why did Morgan study fruit flies? | easy to control, produce a lot of offspring
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| What major discover about genetics did Morgan make? | sex-linked genetic traits
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| How many pairs of autosomes in a human? | 22
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| How many sex chromosomes? | 1 pair
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| Sex linked recessive disorders- | disorders what are linked to the X chromosome and occur in men much more frequently than in women
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| Mary Lyon’s dosage compensation hypothesis- | Barr bodies
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| Barr bodies- | an inactivated chromosome to deal with an “extra” one
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| Nondisjunction- | results in alterations in chromosome number, when chromosomes fail to split correctly in mitosis or meiosis
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| Aneuploidy- | a change in chromosome number that effects on or several chromosomes in a cell
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| Polyploidy- | change in chromosome number that effects a whole set of chromosomes
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| Trisomy- | extra chromosome in women that results in a major increase in miscarriage likelihood
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| Monosomy- | missing a chromosome
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| Trisomy 21- | down syndrome
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| Trisomy 18- | Edwards syndrome
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| Trisomy 13- | Patau syndrome
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| 47 XXX- | healthy female with two barr bodies
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| 45 X- | infertile female, turner syndrome
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| 47 XYY- | taller than average male, healthy, no conception issues
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| 47 XXY0 | Klinefelter syndrome in males, conception issues
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| 4 types of alterations in chromosome structure- | deletions, duplications, translocation, inversion
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| Deletion- | removes a chromosomal segment, sever symptoms
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| Duplications- | repeat a segment of a chromosome, symptoms can include speech and language delays, social anxiety, diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, seizures
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| Inversion- | reverses a segment within a chromosome, no huge effects normally
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| Translocation- | moves a segment from one chromosomes to a non-homologous chromosome
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| Genomic imprinting- | gene expression occurs from only one allele
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| Mechanism of genomic imprinting- | epigenetic process that can involve DNA methylation to turn off the expression of an allele
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mr_spangler
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