Mendel and the Gene Idea
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| Who is Mendel? | scientist who made genetic breakthroughs by studying peas
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| Why did Mendel use peas for his research? | rapid growth and he could manually control who mated with who
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| P generation- | true-breeding parents
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| F1 generation- | p generation hybrid offspring
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| F2 generation- | second filial generation
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| True-breeding- | over many generations of self-pollination they only produce the same variety as the parent plant
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| What was the ratio of all of Mendel’s initial experiment? | 3/4 to ¼
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| Phenotype- | expression of a physical trait
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| Alleles- | alternate versions of genes
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| Genotype- | genetic makeup
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| Dominant allele- | determines appearance
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| Recessive allele- | has no noticeable effect on appearance
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| Segregation- | two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.
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| Punnett square- | diagraming tool used to predict allele formation
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| Homozygous- | a pair of identical alleles
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| Heterozygous- | two different alleles for the same gene
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| Multiplication rule- | the probability of two independent events occurring in combination is equal to the product of their separate probabilities
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| Incomplete dominance- | situations in which a heterozygote for a character doesn’t show a complete dominance/recessive relationship
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| Co-dominance- | when an organism is heterozygote for a character and both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways.
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| Pleiotropy- | when a single gene has many phenotypic effects (i.e. sickle cell)
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| Epistasis- | a gene at one location alters the expression of a gene at another location
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| Polygenic inheritance- | many genes influence a particular character
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| Quantitative characters- | often show polygenic inheritance patterns
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| Environmental impact on phenotype- | how environment can influence phenotype
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| Multifactorial characters- | affected by many factors i.e. genotype and environment
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| The norm of reaction: | the pattern of phenotypes produced by a given genotype under different environmental conditions
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| Narrow norm of reaction- | albinism, ABO blood type, Huntington disease
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| Broader norm of reaction | skin color, height, IQ
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Created by:
mr_spangler
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