Cell Cycle
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are prokaryotes | Bacteria
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| What are Eukaryotes | plants and animals
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| how do prokaryotes reproduce | asexually by binary fission
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| explain the process of a prokaryotes asexual reproduction (3 steps) | 1. cells increase their mass
2. DNA and cell components replicate
3. Each cell divides into 2 daughter cells
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| How do Eukaryotes reproduce | asexually and sexually
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| Explain the process of a Eukaryote's asexual reproduction | cell division; the type of cell division provides new cells for growth and repair
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| what is the cell cycle for eukaryotes | A cell grows and prepares for division, it divides the nucleus in two, and it divides the cytoplasm to form 2 daughter cells
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| What are chromosomes | condensed forms of chromatid
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| What is a chromatid | a threadlike structure of nucleic acid and protein
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| What is the first stage of the cell cycle and explain the first step | Interphase; cell growth and DNA replication
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| What is the second step of the cell cycle and explain the step | Mitosis; Division of the nucleus
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| What is the third step of the cell cycle and explain the step | Cytokinesis; Division of the cell cytoplasm
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| What are the three phases of Interphase | Growth phase (G1), Synthesis Phase (S), and Growth Phase (G2)
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| What happens in the Growth phase (G1) | the cell increases in size and the cell prepares to copy its DNA
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| What happens in the Synthesis Phase (S) | chromatin is copied, the cell now has 2 sets of DNA, and it is synthesizing a copy of the DNA
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| What happens in the second growth stage (G2) | the cell duplicates organelles, it produces needed proteins and lipids, and it "stock piles" so each new cell will have what it needs
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| What are the three main checkpoints and when does it occur | Cell Growth Checkpoint (end of G1 phase), Synthesis Checkpoint(during S phase), Mitosis Checkpoint (during mitosis)
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| What happens in mitosis | cell growth and protein production stop
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| What are the four stages of mitosis | 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telephase
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| What happens at the first stage | chromatin coils tightly and becomes visable as chromosomes. The nuclear membrane disloids, the nucleolus disappears, centrioles migrate to poles, and spindle fibers begin to form
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| What happens at the second stage | spindle fibers form centrioles attached to each chromosome. The cell prepares to separate its chromosomes and the cell align its chromosomes in the middle of the cell
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| What happens at the third stage | Cell chromosomes are separated and the spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes are pulled to ends of cells
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| What happens at the fourth stage | the separation of sister chromatids are complete. Cell plate forms (plants). Cleavage furrows form (animals). Nucleus and Nucleolus reform, 2 new nuclei form with new nuclear membrane, and chromosomes uncoil and appear as chromatid
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| What is cytokinesis | Cytoplasm is completely divided into 2 complete and indivisual cell are smaller than the original. It forms 2 new identical daughter cells
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| What is the result of mitosis and cytokinesis | It results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells
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| Describe a prokaryote | It lacks a nucleus, have similar circular chromosomes and reproduce asexually
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| Describe a Eukayote | It has a nucleus and are membrane bound organelles
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Created by:
bryleehart
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