Metabolism
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Metabolism- | the totality of an organism’s chemical reaction
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| Metabolic pathway- | begins with a specific molecule, altered through a series of steps each with a different enzyme to catalyze the reaction, end result is a new product
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| Anabolic pathway- | consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
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| Catabolic pathway- | Breaking down complex molecules to simpler ones
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| Endergonic- | absorbs free energy, positive delta G, anabolic pathway
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| Exergonic- | release of free energy, negative delta G, spontaneous, catabolic pathway
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| Spontaneous- | energetically favorable
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| Kinetic energy- | energy of motion
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| Thermal energy- | kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules
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| Heat- | thermal energy in transfer from one object to another
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| Potential energy- | energy that matter possesses because of its position or structure
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| Chemical energy- | the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
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| Energy- | the capacity to cause change
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| Thermodynamics- | the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
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| First law of thermodynamics- | energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
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| Second law of thermodynamics- | every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
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| Entropy- | a measure of disorder or randomness
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| Free energy change- | the portions of a systems energy that can perform work
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| Gravitational motion- | objects move spontaneously from a higher altitude to a lower one
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| Diffusion- | molecules in a drop of dye diffuse until they are randomly dispersed
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| Energy coupling- | the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
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| ATP- | adenosine triphosphate, energy
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| ATP cycle- | energy released by breakdown reactions in the cell is used to phosphorylate ADP, regenerating ATP. Chemical potential energy stored in ATP drives cellular work.
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| Enzyme- | macromolecule that acts as a catalyst
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| Catalyst- | a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
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| Activation energy- | initial investment of energy required to start a reaction
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| Substrate- | the reactant an enzyme acts on
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| Enzyme-substrate complex- | When the enzyme binds to its substrate
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| Active site- | the restricted region of the enzyme the substrate binds to
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| Competitive inhibition- | blocks substrate from entering competitive site
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| Noncompetitive inhibition- | alters the shape of the enzyme so the substrate doesn’t fit and cannot bind
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Created by:
mr_spangler
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