Boutta kick this finals ass bois.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Population | A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area at the same time.
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| Population Ecology | The study of how and why the number of individuals in a population changes over time.
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| Demography | The study of processes that change
population size and structure, such as birth, death, migration, and dispersal.
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| Life History | The pattern of a species’ development,
growth, life span, and reproduction.
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| Survivorship | The probability that an individual will
survive in a given year over the course of its life time.
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| Fecundity | The number of (female) offspring produced
by each female in the population.
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| Density Independent Growth | When growth rate is not affected by the number of individuals in the population.
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| Density Dependent Growth | When growth rate IS affected by the number of individuals in the population.
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| Life History Traits | How an organism allocates resources to growth, development, survival, and reproduction.
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| Fitness trade-offs | Inescapable compromises between two traits that cannot be optimized at the same time.
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| Population Growth Rate | The change in the number of individuals per unit time.
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| Carrying Capacity | The maximum population size the environment can support at a particular point in time.
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| Metapopulation | A population of populations.
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| Community | A group of interacting species in a given area.
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| Competition | When individuals use the same resources, resulting in lower fitness for both.
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| Commensalism | When one species benefits but the other species is unaffected
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| Mutualism | When species interact in such a way confers fitness benefits to both
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| Consumption | When one organism eats or absorbs nutrients from another. Increases fitness of one organism but not the other.
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| Amensalism | When one species is inhibited or destroyed and the other species is unaffected.
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| Ecological Niche | The space that a species occupies in a community, including it's range of resources and range of tolerable conditions.
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| Habitat | Where an organism is found
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| Fundamental Niche | The total range of ecological conditions allowing an organism to persist.
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| Realized Niche | The total range of ecological conditions under which an organism actually persists in nature.
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| Neutral Interaction | When niches overlap, species have no effect on each other
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| Positive Interaction | When niches overlap, at least one species is positively affected by the other.
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| Negative Interaction | When niches overlap, coexistence has negative effects on one or both species.
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| Competitive Exclusion | Two different species cannot occupy the identical ecological niche without one out-competing the other.
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| Character Displacement | The evolutionary change that occurs in species' traits and that enables species to exploit different resources.
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| Niche Differentiation | An evolutionary change in resource use, caused by competition over generations.
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| Evolutionary Arms-Race | When prey are constantly developing new defenses against predators and predators are constantly developing new weapons to consume them.
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| Herbivory | When herbivores consume plant tissues.
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| Parasitism | When a parasite consumes tissue or nutrients from its host.
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| Predation | When a predator kills and consumes all or most of another individual.
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| Constitutive Defenses | A defense that is always on, regardless of if a predator is present.
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| Mimicry | A species resembling another.
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| Batesian Mimicry | When a harmless or palatable species resembles a dangerous or poisonous species.
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| Mullerian Mimicry | When a dangerous or poisonous species resembles another dangerous or poisonous species.
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| Inducible Defenses | When a defense can be turned on or off depending on the danger.
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| Bernard Kettlewell | Old Guy that looked at camouflage in moths.
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| Succession | The recovery that follows a severe disturbance.
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| Primary Succession | When a disturbance removes the soil and its organisms, as well as organisms that live above the surface.
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| Secondary Succession | When a disturbance removes some or all of the organisms from an area but leaves the soil intact.
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| Successional Pathway | The specific sequence of species that appears over time.
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| Pioneering Species | The first organisms to arrive at a newly disturbed site.
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| Climax Species | Species that are dominant in late successional communities.
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| Facilitation | When early-arriving species make conditions more favorable for the arrival of certain later species.
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| Tolerance | When existing species do not affect the probability that subsequent species will become established.
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| Inhibition | When the presence of one species inhibits the establishment of another.
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| Keystone Species | A species that has a much greater impact on the surrounding specie than its abundance and biomass would suggest.
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| Disturbance | Any event that removes some individuals or biomass from a community.
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| Disturbance Regime | The characteristic and predictable type of disturbance that a community will experience.
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| Endemic Species | Species that are found in a specific area and nowhere else.
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| Conservation Hot Spots | Areas with at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and less than 70% of primary vegetation remaining.
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| Habitat Fragmentation | The breakup of large, contiguous areas of natural habitat into small isolated pieces.
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| Interference Competition | Takes place if an organism actively interferes with the ability of another organism to take up resources.
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| Scramble Competition | Takes place if an organism reduces the amount of resources available for another organism.
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| G. Evelyn Hutchinson | Old guy associated with the concept of an ecological niche.
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| Charles Krebs | Old guy who did experiment with Hare populations to see how they were affected by predation and resource availability.
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| Joseph Connell | Old guy who tested competitive exclusion theory on barnacle populations.
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| Frederic E. Clements | Old guy who suggested that community structure is highly predictable about which species will occur together and which will not.
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| Henry A. Gleason | Old guy who suggested that community structure is actually random and will form based on species' mutualistic needs.
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| Jim Estes | Old guy associated with killer whales eating otters instead of seals and sea lions, which leads to more starfish and less kelp forests.
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| Robert Paine | Old guy associated with keystone predators. He removed starfish from an area and mussels began to grow very rapidly and affect nearby species.
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