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Bio 274 FINAL
Boutta kick this finals ass bois.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area at the same time. |
| Population Ecology | The study of how and why the number of individuals in a population changes over time. |
| Demography | The study of processes that change population size and structure, such as birth, death, migration, and dispersal. |
| Life History | The pattern of a species’ development, growth, life span, and reproduction. |
| Survivorship | The probability that an individual will survive in a given year over the course of its life time. |
| Fecundity | The number of (female) offspring produced by each female in the population. |
| Density Independent Growth | When growth rate is not affected by the number of individuals in the population. |
| Density Dependent Growth | When growth rate IS affected by the number of individuals in the population. |
| Life History Traits | How an organism allocates resources to growth, development, survival, and reproduction. |
| Fitness trade-offs | Inescapable compromises between two traits that cannot be optimized at the same time. |
| Population Growth Rate | The change in the number of individuals per unit time. |
| Carrying Capacity | The maximum population size the environment can support at a particular point in time. |
| Metapopulation | A population of populations. |
| Community | A group of interacting species in a given area. |
| Competition | When individuals use the same resources, resulting in lower fitness for both. |
| Commensalism | When one species benefits but the other species is unaffected |
| Mutualism | When species interact in such a way confers fitness benefits to both |
| Consumption | When one organism eats or absorbs nutrients from another. Increases fitness of one organism but not the other. |
| Amensalism | When one species is inhibited or destroyed and the other species is unaffected. |
| Ecological Niche | The space that a species occupies in a community, including it's range of resources and range of tolerable conditions. |
| Habitat | Where an organism is found |
| Fundamental Niche | The total range of ecological conditions allowing an organism to persist. |
| Realized Niche | The total range of ecological conditions under which an organism actually persists in nature. |
| Neutral Interaction | When niches overlap, species have no effect on each other |
| Positive Interaction | When niches overlap, at least one species is positively affected by the other. |
| Negative Interaction | When niches overlap, coexistence has negative effects on one or both species. |
| Competitive Exclusion | Two different species cannot occupy the identical ecological niche without one out-competing the other. |
| Character Displacement | The evolutionary change that occurs in species' traits and that enables species to exploit different resources. |
| Niche Differentiation | An evolutionary change in resource use, caused by competition over generations. |
| Evolutionary Arms-Race | When prey are constantly developing new defenses against predators and predators are constantly developing new weapons to consume them. |
| Herbivory | When herbivores consume plant tissues. |
| Parasitism | When a parasite consumes tissue or nutrients from its host. |
| Predation | When a predator kills and consumes all or most of another individual. |
| Constitutive Defenses | A defense that is always on, regardless of if a predator is present. |
| Mimicry | A species resembling another. |
| Batesian Mimicry | When a harmless or palatable species resembles a dangerous or poisonous species. |
| Mullerian Mimicry | When a dangerous or poisonous species resembles another dangerous or poisonous species. |
| Inducible Defenses | When a defense can be turned on or off depending on the danger. |
| Bernard Kettlewell | Old Guy that looked at camouflage in moths. |
| Succession | The recovery that follows a severe disturbance. |
| Primary Succession | When a disturbance removes the soil and its organisms, as well as organisms that live above the surface. |
| Secondary Succession | When a disturbance removes some or all of the organisms from an area but leaves the soil intact. |
| Successional Pathway | The specific sequence of species that appears over time. |
| Pioneering Species | The first organisms to arrive at a newly disturbed site. |
| Climax Species | Species that are dominant in late successional communities. |
| Facilitation | When early-arriving species make conditions more favorable for the arrival of certain later species. |
| Tolerance | When existing species do not affect the probability that subsequent species will become established. |
| Inhibition | When the presence of one species inhibits the establishment of another. |
| Keystone Species | A species that has a much greater impact on the surrounding specie than its abundance and biomass would suggest. |
| Disturbance | Any event that removes some individuals or biomass from a community. |
| Disturbance Regime | The characteristic and predictable type of disturbance that a community will experience. |
| Endemic Species | Species that are found in a specific area and nowhere else. |
| Conservation Hot Spots | Areas with at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and less than 70% of primary vegetation remaining. |
| Habitat Fragmentation | The breakup of large, contiguous areas of natural habitat into small isolated pieces. |
| Interference Competition | Takes place if an organism actively interferes with the ability of another organism to take up resources. |
| Scramble Competition | Takes place if an organism reduces the amount of resources available for another organism. |
| G. Evelyn Hutchinson | Old guy associated with the concept of an ecological niche. |
| Charles Krebs | Old guy who did experiment with Hare populations to see how they were affected by predation and resource availability. |
| Joseph Connell | Old guy who tested competitive exclusion theory on barnacle populations. |
| Frederic E. Clements | Old guy who suggested that community structure is highly predictable about which species will occur together and which will not. |
| Henry A. Gleason | Old guy who suggested that community structure is actually random and will form based on species' mutualistic needs. |
| Jim Estes | Old guy associated with killer whales eating otters instead of seals and sea lions, which leads to more starfish and less kelp forests. |
| Robert Paine | Old guy associated with keystone predators. He removed starfish from an area and mussels began to grow very rapidly and affect nearby species. |
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Dovahkiinandy
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