Bio I Ch 12&10 Test review
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is Cyanobacteria? What did they specifically do that was led to the creation of the atmosphere & evolution of aerobic organisms? | Cyanobacteria - type of bacteria that gets energy from photosynthesis. They performed photosynthesis and produced oxygen to create atmosphere and evolve.
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| What is endosymbiosis? | Different organisms living together, one inside the other.
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| What is ozone & how does it protect us from? | Ozone is a "filter" that protects us from radiation and UV rays.
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| What reason did Darwin give for some of the plants and animals on the island resembling those in South America? | migration
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| What is a population? Give an example. | All individuals of a species that live in a specific area that can interbreed.
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| What is natural selection? | Individuals with the most desirable traits will survive at higher rates, and pass the favorable traits to their offspring.
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| Why is genetic variation important to natural selection? | If there were only one trait, all organisms would have the desired traits.
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| What is an adaptation? | A characteristic, made by a mutation that organisms have that better suits the organism for their environment.
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| Can adaptations lead to the evolution of a population? | Yes
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| Describe the process of Natural Selection and how it relates to evolution. | Organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce to evolve the whole species eventually.
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| What are Darwin's theories? | *Variations in population exist
*Some individuals in a population will be better suited
*Favorable traits will spread through population
*Evidence from fossils that living things evolved
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| Explain what caused the differences in the beak shape of Darwin's finches. | Different preferred eating habits/availability of food.
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| If you are better suited for your environment than others, what advantage does that give you over those individuals that are not? | I have a better chance of survival and will be able to reproduce.
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| What is gradualism? | Gradual change in a species over long periods of time.
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| What is punctuated equilibrium? | Rapid species evolution through geologic time followed by periods of little to no change.
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| What is a homologous structure? Be able to identify structures that are homologous to each other. | Same structure, different function.
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| What do homologous structures between organisms indicate? | A common ancestry
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| What is a vestigial structure? Give an example. | A bone/organ with little or no use.
Example: appendix & wisdom teeth of humans; hind limb of whale
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| What are some different examples that show evidence of evolution? | *fossils
*geography
*anatomy & development
*embryology & biological molecules
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| What would be the best way to determine how closely related two species are to each other...use their physical appearance or sequence their DNA? | sequence their DNA
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| What is divergence? | Accumulation of differences between groups leading to the formation of new species
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| What is convergent evolution? | When two completely unrelated organisms resemble each other because they live in similar environments and evolved similarly.
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| What is gene flow? | The transfer of alleles from one population to another.
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| What can geographic isolation lead to? | Extinction, because a species can't interbreed and reproduce.
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| What is a fossil? | Preserved or mineralized remains or imprint of an organism that lived long ago.
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| How are fossils formed? | Preserved/mineralized remains buried in sediment deposited by water, wind, or volcanic eruptions.
*Older fossils, deeper in Earth's crust
*Younger fossils closer to surface of Earth
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| How do fossils help scientists learn about evolution? | Fossils prove:
-Earth's age (4.5 billion years)
-organisms have inhabited Earth almost as long as Earth has been around
-All organisms share common ancestry with earlier simpler species
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| List some barriers that can create reproductive isolation. | *geographic isolation
*physical differences
*no attraction
*infertility
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