CH11 audesirk VOCAB
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| WHEN does DNA replication occur? | S-phase of interphase
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| WHERE does DNA replication occur? | nucleus
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| What is the key feature that allows DNA to be copied? | the pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA
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| Who discovered that harmless bacteria can be "transformed" into pneumonia-causing bacteria? | F. Griffith
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| Who identified that DNA is the transforming factor? | Avery & Associates
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| Who identified that the genetic material of a virus is not protein? | Hershey & Chase
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| Who used x-ray diffraction to determine that DNA is a helical molecule? | Franklin & Wilkins
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| Who identified that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine in DNA and that the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine in DNA? (chargaff's rules... A=T and G=C) | Chargaff
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| Who pulled the data together to construct a 3-dimensional model of DNA as a double helix in which two strands were wound around each other? | Watson & Crick
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| Who received the Nobel Prize in 1962? | Watson & Crick and Wilkins
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| Who died in 1958? | Franklin
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| What is the structure of DNA? | 4 nucleotides
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| Each nucleotide has a __________, a ______________, and a ___________. | phosphate; 5 carbon sugar; nitrogen containing base
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| What are the 4 bases? | adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
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| ___________ (A&G) are double ring bases- larger in size. | Purines
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| _________ (T&C) are single ring bases- smaller in size. | Pyrimidines
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| DNA is a ____________. | double helix
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| A double helix is a ____________. | twisted ladder
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| The ___________________ make up the ___________ (sides) of the molecule.... held together with __________ bonds (strong). | sugars & phosphates; backbones; covalent
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| The _________________ make up the ___________ (rungs) and are held together with _____________ bonds (easily broken). | base pairs; middle; hydrogen
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| A bonds to T with _ hydrogen bonds. | 2
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| G bonds to C with _ hydrogen bonds. | 3
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| The ________ side of the DNA helix reads 3' to _'. This is the _____________ and also reads _____ to right, _______ to top. | right; 5; hydroxylon sugar; left; bottom
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| The ___________ side of the DNA helix reads 5' to _'. This is the ________________ and also reads ________ to left, ___ to bottom. | left; 3; phosphate end; right; top
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| All "____" (combo of bases (codons)) have only _ letters. | words; 3
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| How letters are there in the bases alphabet? | 4
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| 4 cubed = ___ (how many combos of codons) | 64
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| What does DNA replication produce? | 2 double helices
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| Both double helices produces have what? | 1 original strand and 1 new strand
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| Producing 1 original and 1 new strand is called what? | semiconservative replication
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| Replication involves what 3 major actions and enzymes? | DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
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| This enzyme involved in replication separates the parent strands. | DNA helicase
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| This enzyme involved in replication synthesizes new DNA strands and proofreads strands. | DNA polymerase
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| This enzyme involved in replication joins segments to make the daughter strands. | DNA ligase
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| The result of DNA helicase breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary parental DNA strands: | unwound sections of DNA strands
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| Name this part of DNA replication: a place at the edge of the replication bubble where the parental DNA strands have not yet been unwound... where DNA polymerase adds complementary bases to parts that are unwound | replication fork
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| If there are no mistakes during replication: 2 _____ DNA helices are formed... ______ to the _________ and to each ______. | identical; identical; original; other
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| _____________ and other enzymes "proofread" the strands for accuracy and fixes most errors. | DNA polymerase
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| ________/ 100 million to 1 billion base pairs | 1 mistake
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| The mistakes (mutations) can be: | good, bad, or null
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| Sources of error in DNA: | chemicals, UV rays, aging
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| ____ mutations are the driving force of ____________. | good; evolution
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