Cell Biology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Signal Transduction | Conversion of an impulse or stimulus from one physical or chemical form to another; the process by which a cell responds to an Extracellular signal
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| 4 types of cell signaling | paracrine, endocrine, autocrine, direct
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| paracrine | Occurs between local cells where quick responses only last a short time
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| endocrine | Occurs between distant cells mediated by hormones that travel to target cells producing a slower long lasting response
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| autocrine | Produced by signaling cells that can bind to the ligand that is released
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| direct | Occurs by transferring signals across the gap junction between neighboring cells
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| Functions of intracellular signaling pathways | Relay, amplify, integrate, distribute
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| 3 classes of cell surface receptors | Ion-channel-coupled, G-Protein-coupled, Enzyme-coupled
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| Ion channel coupled | Change the permeability of the plasma membrane to select ions altering the membrane potential and producing an electric current
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| G Protein | Activate membrane bound GTP binding proteins which activate or inhibit an ion channel in the plasma membrane
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| Enzyme coupled | The binding of an Extracellular ligand causes enzymatic activity on the intracellular side of the membrane
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| Map-kinase signaling module | A set of 3 protein linked kinases that allow the cell to respond to Extracellular signals that stimulate proliferation
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| Molecular switch | Intracellular signaling protein that toggles between an active and inactive state in response to receiving a signal
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| Cyclic AMP (cAMP) | Intracellular signaling molecule generated from ATP in response to hormonal stimulation of cell surface receptors
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| Calmodulin | Ca+ binding protein that modifies the activity of many target proteins in response to changes in Ca+ concentration
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| Ras | One of a large family of small GTP binding proteins that help relay signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus
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| RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) | Enzyme coupled receptor in which the intracellular domain has a tyrosine kinase activity that is activated by ligand binding to the receptors Extracellular domain
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Created by:
Earleyn
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