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Cell Biology

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Term
Definition
Apoptosis   A tightly controlled form of program cell death that allows cells that are unneeded or unwanted to be eliminated from an adult or developing organism  
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Stages of cell cycle   Interphase - 3 Phases: G1, S, G2 Mitotic (M) phase  
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G1 Phase   Cell grows, copies organelles, makes molecular building blocks  
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S Phase   Cell synthesizes a complete copy of DNA in nucleus, duplicates the centrosomes  
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G2 Phase   Cell continues to grow, makes proteins and organelles, reorganizes and repairs its contents in preparation for mitosis  
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S Phase   Cell synthesizes a complete copy of DNA in nucleus, duplicates the centrosomes  
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G2 Phase   Cell continues to grow, makes proteins and organelles, reorganizes its contents in preparation for mitosis  
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Mitotic (M) phase   Cell divides the copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new cells Two processes: mitosis and cytokinesis  
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Mitosis   DNA of the cell condenses into visible chromosomes and pulled apart by the mitotic spindle. 4 stages: prophesy, metaphase, anaphase, telophase  
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Cytokinesis   The cytoplasm is split in two making two new cells, begins just as mitosis is ending, in anaphase or telophase  
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Prophase - early, late   Early- mitotic spindle forms, chromosomes condense, nucleolus is gone Late- nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes fully condensed  
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Metaphase   Spindle captures all chromosomes and line up at metaphase plate (middle of the cell)  
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Anaphase   Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell, microtubules push poles apart elongating the cell  
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Telaphase   Chromosomes decondense, spindles disappear, nuclear membrane reforms, nucleolus reappears, two new nuclei form (one for each set of chromosomes)  
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