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Cell Biology

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Term
Definition
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)   Complex network of polysaccharide and proteins secreted by cells such as cellulose and collagen that form a structural support  
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Tissue   An assembly of cells and matrix woven together to form a distinctive multicellular fabric with a specific function  
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Cellulose   Structural polysaccharide consisting of long chains of covalently linked glucose units. Provides tensile strength in plant cell walls  
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Collagen   Triple stranded fibrous protein that is a major component of the Extracellular matrix and connective tissues  
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Proteoglycan   Molecule consisting of one or more glycosaminoglycan chains attached to a core protein; regulate the passage of molecules through the Extracellular medium and guide cell migration  
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Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)   Polysaccharide chain that can form a gel that acts as a space filler in the Extracellular matrix of connective tissues; helps animal tissues resist compression  
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Stem Cells   Relatively undifferentiated self renewing cell that produces daughter cells that can either differentiate into more specialized cell types or can retain the developmental potential of the parent cell  
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Cloning   The process of creating an exact copy of a biological unit from which it was derived  
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Reproductive cloning   The artificial production of genetically identical copies of an animal by for example transplantation of a somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated fertilized egg  
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Therapeutic Cloning   Procedure that uses nuclear transplantation to generate cells for tissue repair and other purposes as opposed to producing whole multicellular individuals  
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Induced Pluripotent stem cells (IPS)   Somatic cell that has been reprogrammed to resemble and behave like a Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell through the artificial introduction of a set of genes encoding particular transcription regulators  
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Created by: Earleyn
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