Hesi review
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| MI-EKG Changes | STEMI - increase in the S-T segment indicating a Myocardial Infarction is impending or has already occured.; sudden blood clot forms; tx: CABG, angioplasty, stent and clot busting meds.
NONSTEMI - opposite
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| Mitral Valve/Apex of Heart | Bicuspid Valve; located on Left side of Heart, it has two flaps (leaflets) that open to increased pressure filling LA with blood > flows to LV & heart expands (diastole) > closes as heart contracts (systole) forcing blood into the Aorta. 5th ICS
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| -Normal Sinus Rhythm -No P Wave-No R Wave | 60-100bpm; electrical impluse originating in SA Node. Hyperkalemia - "sine wave" - VFib; asystole
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| Hypopituitarism | Rare disorder which your pituitary gland either fails to produce one or more of its hormones or not enough affecting one's growth, blood pressure and reproduction functions
-weight loss, emanciation, atrophy of all glands/organs, hair loss and impotence.
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| Prasugrel - Ecchymosis | Common side effect of Blood Thinner used to prevent blood clots.
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| DVT assessment and action | Severe calf pain/tenderness, usually reddened with edema (pitting). Can prevent with early ambulation and/or leg exercises. -action: Measure/Monitor circumference; Doppler Study,U/S, antiembolitic stocking, Lovenox (low molecular- weight heparin); IPC.
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| Arterial Sheath | The radial artery access sheath is used to Gain Arterial Access and Facilitate the Insertion of Catheters or other equipment for Diagnostic and Vascular Interventions.
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| Atenolol (Tenormin) | Beta1 Adrenergic Blocker; relaxes BV; slows HR; increases blood flow and decreases BP; decreases cardiac workload.
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| BP Variances in the Arms | A Big Difference between the Two Readings can give you an Early Warning about increased risk of CVD.
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| Pitting Edema | Observable swelling of body tissues d/t fluid accumulation demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area causing an indentation that persists after pressure is released. d/t retention of too much salt (sodium chloride).
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| Shock - Isotonic Fluids | Immediately administration of 2L of Isotonic Sodium Chloride solution or Lactated Ringer's solution in response to shock from blood loss.
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| Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) cardioversion priority | Cardioverson a procedure used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. The most commonly treated is AFib and AFlutter; Electrical "shock" is delivered to the chest to restore the Heart Rhythm to a normal pattern. * Monitor HR and Rhythm; monitor RR d/t pt sedation.
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| Shock - Nursing Problem | Risk of patient becoming septic; monitor vital sign closely! Signs: Elevated Temperature; Bradycardic; Tachypnea; Tachycardia; Decreased LOC.
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| Lasix outcome in Pediatric patient | Is used to reduce edema in both acute and chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, and kidney diseases. Monitor strict I&O's and electrolytes (potassium especially).
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| Pulmonary Embolism (PE) anticoagulant protocol *At risk for Respiratory Arrest r/t extension of the clot* | Low Molecular-Weight Heparin (Lovenox) is recommended; adm once daily by SubQ injection; it has longer duration of anticoagulation effect; with a fixed dose of LMWH aPTT monitoring not necessary - otherwise, monitor aPTT and heparin levels closely.
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| Heart Failure (HF) - Cardiac Tamponade (Right -Sided HF) *Pericardiocentesis - Emergency Intervention!!* *HS= Heart Sounds* *CO= Cardiac Output* | Fluid accumulation Pericardial Sac; Constriction of Pericardium; Pericarditis. Post Open-Heart; Trauma. Pulsus Paradoxis - systole decrease 10mm with inspiration; Muted HS; decreased CO.
Tx: Pericardial Window/Indwelling Pericardial Catheter.
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| Cirrhosis Alcoholism * Cardiac Cirrhosis* *Congestive Hepatopathy* | CHF dominates this disorder; tx is managing underlying HF; Right-sided HF; Sudden and Dramatic Serum Hepatic Transaminase Elevations typically lead to the discovery of this condition.
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| Zetia - monitor effect | An antihyperlipidemic Agent along with a statin therapy; works by reducing the amount of cholesterol or other sterols that your body absorbs from your diet. ***Monitor Hepatic**
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| Heart Disease Risk Factors | Health conditions; your lifestyle; age; family history can increase your risk for heart disease.
HTN; High Choleserol and Smoking top three followed by, obesity and salt intake.
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| Shock - Anaphylactic *Medical Emergency* | A widespread and very serious allergic reaction.
Symptoms include:
dizziness, loss of consciousness, labored breathing, swelling of the tongue and breathing tubes, blueness of the skin, low blood pressure, heart failure, and death.
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| Thrombolytic - Alcoholism | Thrombolytics dissolve dangerous clots (thrombolysis);
Alcohol impairs benefit effect of tPA induced thrombolysis after a stroke.
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