Biology
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| What is the equation for cellular respiration? | C6 H12 O6 +6 O2 = ~38 ATP + 6 CO2 + 6 H20
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| How does this equation compare to that of photosynthesis? | Instead of light energy it is ATP & the equation is flipped to do the reverse.
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| What is the first step to cellular respiration? | Glycolysis
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| What is the second step to cellular respiration? | Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid
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| What is the last step to cellular respiration? | Oxidative Phosphorylation
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| What does glycolysis mean? | Splitting of Sugar
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| How many steps are there in the entire process of glycolysis? | 10
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| What do we call the first half of the steps of glycolysis? | Energy Investment Phase
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| What do we call the second half of the steps of glycolysis? | Energy Payoff Phase
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| What molecule does glycolysis begin with? | Glucose
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| What does glycolysis end with? | 2 Pyruvate
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| How many ATP are produced in glycolysis? | 4
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| How many ATP are used in glycolysis? | 2
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| What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis? | 2
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| How many NADH are produced in glycolysis? | 2
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| What is NADH used for? | To carry electrons to ETC
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| If oxygen is present, what will pyruvate turn into? | Acetyl CoA
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| What are the products given off when pyruvate turns into this molecule and where do these products go? | Co2 and NADH is sent to the ECT (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
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| How many steps are there in the Kreb's cycle? | 8
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| How many ATP are given off in the Kreb's cycle for each Pyruvate that you begin with? | 1
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| How many total ATP are given off if both pyruvate molecules go through the Kreb's cycle? | 2
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| How many NADH are given off in the Kreb's cycle for each Pyruvate that you begin with? | 3
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| How many total NADH are given off if both pyruvate molecules go through the Kreb's cycle? | 6
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| How many FADH2 are given off in the Kreb's cycle for each Pyruvate that you begin with? | 1
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| How many total FADH2 are given off if both pyruvate molecules go through the Kreb's cycle? | 2
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| How many CO2 are given off in the Kreb's cycle for each Pyruvate that you begin with? | 2
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| How many total CO2 are given off if both pyruvate molecules go through the Kreb's cycle? | 4
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| Where does all the CO2 go? | It is released into the atmosphere
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| What happens to all the NADH and the FADH2? | Sent to ETC
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| Do you get more energy out of NADH or FADH2? | NADH
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| Where is the Kreb's cycle located? | In the mitochondrial matrix
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| Where does glycolysis occur? | In the cytoplasm (outside of mitochondria)
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| Where is the electron transport chain located? | Inner mitochondrial membrane
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| Where are the H+ ions pumped to? | out of the matrix, into the inner mitochondrial membrane
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| Where do the H+ ions diffuse to and what do they diffuse through? | to the matrix, through the ATP synthase
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| What is chemiosmosis? | Links the ETC to the ATP synthase (Movement of H+ ions do this)
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| What is the name of the enzyme that makes ATP? | ATP synthase
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| What is the purpose of the electron transport chain? | to pump the H+ ions to create a gradient (inner membrane space)
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| How many ATP are produced by the electron transport chain for each molecule of glucose? | ~34 ATP
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| How many total ATP are produced by cellular respiration? | ~38 ATP
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| What is substrate-level phosphorylation? | When an enzyme transfers a phosphate from a substrate to ATP - Using chemical reactions (Kreb's Cycle).
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| What is oxidative phosphorylation? | Using ETC to create ATP
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| What do we call it when oxygen is present? | Aerobic
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| What do we call it when oxygen is absent? | Anaerobic
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| What is the purpose of oxygen in cellular respiration? | Catch e´ at the end of ETC and to combine it with H+
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| How is water produced and what happens to the water after it is made? | The O2 combines with the H+ to create H20, it is reabsorbed back into the body
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| If oxygen is not present, what is the alternative way to make ATP? | Fermentation
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| What are the two types of fermentation? | Alcohol Fermentation & Lactic Acid Fermentation
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| What type of fermentation do we do? | Lactic Acid Fermentation
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| What type of fermentation do yeast cells do? | Alcohol Fermentation
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| How are the two types of fermentation different? | Lactic Acid Fermentation lets out - ATP + Lactic Acid
Alcohol Fermentation lets out - 3 Co2 + Ethanol + ATP
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| Why does it hurt after we work out for the first time? | Lactic acid is created because of the low O2 levels which causes fermentation to try & create ATP which creates lactic acid.
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| Why do we breathe harder after a workout? | Trying to restart the cycles by taking more O2 in (Kreb's Cycle & ETC)
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| Why does bread rise when baked? | Yeast, that is in bread, eats the carbohydrates and sugars and are doing fermentation which lets out Co2 making the bread rise. Alcohol is burned during baking.
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| What are the three steps of cellular respiration? | Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), ETC (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
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| What are the two steps of aerobic respiration? | Kreb's Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), ETC (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
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| Why did early life only use glycolysis for energy? | There was no O2 in the atmosphere and Prokaryotes did not have a mitochondria, or other organelles.
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| How did we progress from only using glycolysis to using aerobic respiration? | Cells were engulfing (taking in) other cells (mitochondria) to become more complex. The plants developed and replaced the Co2 with O2.
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Created by:
Elise.Postma
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