Chapter 46: Urinary Eimination
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Micturition | brain gives bladder permission to empty, bladder contracts, urinary sphincter relaxes, urine leaves body through urethra
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| Glomerulus | cluster of capillaries in each nephron that filters water, glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and major electrolytes
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| Nephrons | functional unit of kidneys, remove waste products from blood, play major role in regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance
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| Erythropoietin | hormone produced by kidneys that stimulate RBC production and bone marrow maturation
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| Renin-Angiotensin System | method of BP control in kidneys, release of aldosterone and prostacyclin
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| Aldosterone | causes retention of water, increases blood volume
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| Prostaglandin E2 & Prostacyclin | vasoldilation to maintain renal blood flow
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| Minerals regulated by kidneys | calcium and phosphate
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| Pathological conditions affecting urinary elimination | DM, MS, stroke, arthritis, Parkinson’s, dementia, CPS, spinal cord injury, IVDD above S1, prostatic enlargement
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| Hematuria | blood in urine
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| Pyelonephritis | Upper UTI
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| Dysuria | pain or burning with urination
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| Nursing History | review of patient’s elimination patterns, symptoms, assessment of factor that are affecting th eability to urinate normally
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| Oliguria | diminished urinary output in relation to fluid intake
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| Polyuria | voiding excessive amounts of urine
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| Nocturia | awakened from sleep because of urge to urinate
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| Specific Gravity of Urine | 1.0053-1.030
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| Most people experience strong urge to urinate when bladder is how full? | 400-600 mL
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| Postvoid Residual PVR | amount of urine left in bladder after voiding measured by bladder scan or straight cath
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| Older adults experience this change in mental status with UTIs | delerium
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| Continent Urinary Reservoir | created from distal part of ileum and proximal part of colon
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| Orthotopic Neobladder | uses ileal pouch to replace bladder
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| Under how many mLs per hour of urine output is concerning | 30mLs/hr
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| Time frame for urine specimen to arrive to lab | 2 hours
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